“…It is known that several sets of plausible contact parameters can approximately match the measured mill power, but with reasonably distinct patterns of media motion (Martins et al, 2012;Chagas et al, 2015). Positions of toe and shoulder of the charge, monitored by video recordings of batch mills fitted with a transparent end covers (Moys et al, 2000;Venugopal and Rajamani, 2001), the position and velocity of an instrumented ball (Martins et al, 2012) or of an irradiated ball using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) (Govender et al, 2013;Chagas et al, 2015), are excellent alternatives to be used in conjunction with net mill power to calibrate contact parameters for effective mill simulations.…”