Validation of the Eating Pattern Inventory for Children in a General Population Sample of 11- to 12-Year-Old Children

Abstract

Previous research suggests that the Eating Pattern Inventory for Children (EPI-C) is best conceptualized as comprising four factors: dietary restraint, emotional, external eating and parental pressure to eat. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the EPI-C and to test gender and weight group differences. The population-based study sample comprised 1,939 children aged 11 to 12 years from the Copenhagen Child Cohort (CCC2000). Psychometric properties were evaluated using multigroup categorical data in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and differential item functioning (DIF) tests. CFA supported the four-factor solution for the EPI-C. Reliability estimates were satisfactory for three of the four scales. DIF with regard to weight was found for an item on weight loss intention. Girls reported higher restrained and emotional eating; overweight children reported higher restrained, emotional and external eating, while underweight children reported higher parental pressure to eat. The results support the use of EPI-C for measuring eating behaviors in preadolescence.

Early Predictors of Eating Problems in Preadolescence—A Prospective Birth Cohort Study

“…Recently, we investigated the factor structure of the Danish version of the EPI-C [20] and found that the four-factor structure of the EPI-C originally proposed by Schacht et al [23] could be replicated in our sample. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas) for the present sample was .92, .87, and .73 for dietary restraint, emotional, and external eating, respectively.…”

“…Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on objective measurements of height and weight at the 11-to 12-year follow-up as previously described [20]. The children were classified into BMI categories of underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese using the age and gender-specific BMI cutoffs provided by the International Obesity Task Force [21,22].…”

“…Variables associated with the outcomes at a <.01 p level in the univariate analyses were subsequently included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Recently, we found both gender and contemporaneous overweight associated with eating behavior problems at age 11e12 years in this sample [20], and thus gender and overweight were included in the multivariable model as a priori confounders.…”

Association Analysis of Scoliosis Based on Backpack Carrying Methods and Head Positions of Elementary School Students

“…Pupil distances ranging from 1 to 77 mm were divided into the high distance for >56 mm, normal for between 41 and 56 mm, and low distance for <41 mm. (Tables 3 & 4) show the mean and standard deviation (SD) values of students with scoliometer readings of >5° and ≤5°, respectively [17][18][19][20]. We found that students with scoliometer readings of > 5° had different vision in both left and right eyes.…”

Adaptation, validation and reliability of the Spanish version of eating pattern inventory for children EPIC-C in a sample of Mexican adolescents

“…7 More recently, the factorial structure and reliability have been established in a sample or preadolescents, with an explained variance of 64.8% and good internal consistency for three of the four of the EPI-C (Cronbach's α =0.73-0.92). 9 Children's eating attitudes test (ChEAT-26). 10 The Cheat-26 is a children's version of the eating attitude test (EAT).…”