Validation of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and role of carbon emission policies in the case of Russian Federation

Abstract

Climate change currently observed and expected in the future is associated with risks to security and sustainable development and natural and irreversible consequences. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to adapt the public administration, economic sectors, and regional infrastructure to the changing climate conditions. This paper discovers the links between CO 2 emissions and their key determinants such as economic growth, energy consumption, population, trade openness, and financial development including the period from 1990 to 2020 to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by using ARDL bound test for the Russian Federation. Findings reveal that energy consumption and population have a positive impact on CO 2 emissions, while economic growth, financial development, and trade openness have been found to decrease CO 2 emissions in the long term. The results of this paper show that there is a “U”-shaped relationship between CO 2 emissions and economic growth in the Russian Federation. This shows that EKC is valid up to a certain income level in the Russian Federation, and when this income level is exceeded, a positive relationship will begin between economic growth and environmental degradation. As a policy implementation, policymakers must implement clean energy technology policies to achieve the 2060 net zero carbon target. Policies such as fossil-based energy use and reducing energy intensity should be adopted.

The effect of energy prices, energy losses, and renewable energy use on CO2 emissions in energy-importing developing economies in the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve

“…However, it causes less CO 2 emissions later on. Similarly, in the study by (Akadiri et al 2021 ) for BRICS countries, in the study by Adebayo ( 2021 ) for Indonesia, in the study by Jian et al ( 2022 ) for West African countries, in the study by Ali et al ( 2021 ) for Pakistan, in the study by Genc et al ( 2022 ) for Turkey, Kilinc-Ata and Likhachev ( 2022 ) found that the EKC hypothesis was valid for Russia and Zeraibi et al ( 2022 ) for the Chinese economy. Therefore, in these studies, economic growth increases environmental pollution up to a certain point and then causes environmental degradation to increase gradually.…”

Spatial-temporal evolution and peak prediction of embodied carbon emissions in China's interregional trade

“…The relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth has been studied from the perspective of the environmental Kuznets curve in a large amount of literature ( 46 , 47 ). Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies on the relationship between embodied carbon emissions and economic growth due to regional trade in the context of the increasing developmental linkages and the close inter-regional trade of inputs and outputs in China.…”

The Link between Human Development, Foreign Direct Investment, Renewable Energy, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G7 Economies

“…According to the literature review (e.g., Saqib et al [1]; Ike et al [27]; Khan et al [31]; Leitão et al [6]; Ata and Likhachev [47]), it is possible to observe that international trade and foreign direct investment may have a positive (pollution haven hypothesis) or negative (pollution halo hypothesis) association with carbon dioxide emissions.…”