Validation of the Five-Item Geriatric Depression Scale in Elderly Subjects in Three Different Settings

Rinaldi, Patrizia; Mecocci, Patrizia; Benedetti, Claudia; Ercolani, Sara; Bregnocchi, Mario; Menculini, Giuseppe; Catani, Marco; Senin, Umberto; Cherubini, Antonio

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00216.x

Cited by 350 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A GDS ≥ 11 is considered a sign for possible depression [14]. A 5 item GDS is also found to be equally effective as compared to 15 item GDS with a sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.81 respectively [16].…”

Section: Measuring Fatigue and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items in the scale address cognitive and affective domains while somatic domains are not addressed [14]. While the scale was originally developed as 30-item scale, the GDS has been modified (15 questions) and validated [16]. Both versions of the scale, GDS are answered in a "yes" or "no" fashion with 1 point assigned to items answered "yes" [14].…”

Section: Measuring Fatigue and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Fatigue Severity Scale In Patients with Lung Disease

Talwar

Sahni

John

et al. 2014

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: Fatigue is a known symptom of advanced lung disease and impacts quality of life and psychological health. Many of these patients undergo pulmonary rehabilitation as part of their therapy. Understanding the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on fatigue in these patients is important, as one may be able to design more focused rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) in patients with advanced lung disease. Material and Methods: Patients were enrolled in a standardized 6 week pulmonary rehabilitation program. They were asked to complete questionnaires to evaluate their self-reported fatigue (FSS), and depression as measured by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The GDS is a self-reported assessment tool used to identify depression in patients. The FSS is a validated instrument that indicates a perception of fatigue that might require medical intervention. Participants completed questionnaires both at baseline and after completing the standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program. Data was analyzed in Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The change in FSS was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: 21 patients (12 females; 9 males; mean age 64.3 ± 11.2 yrs) were considered for the study. Pre-pulmonary rehabilitation FSS scores ranged from 1.6 to 6.7 (mean score of 4.6 ± 1.7). Post pulmonary rehabilitation FSS scores ranged 1.0 to 6.2 (mean score of 3.9 ± 1.6). The median pre-rehabilitation FSS was 5.3 (inter quartile range; Q1–Q3: 3.0–6.1), and median post rehabilitation FSS was 3.9 (inter quartile range; Q1–Q3: 2.6–5.1). There was a significant decrease in FSS scores after completing pulmonary rehabilitation program (p < 0.0208). There was a decrease in GDS (pre-rehabilitation, mean: 5.5 ± 3.6; post-rehabilitation, mean: 4.2 ± 2.9), but this decrease was not statistically significant. The change in GDS correlated with the change in FSS (Spearman Correlation Coefficient 0.525, p < 0.0146). Conclusions: Patients with advanced lung disease reported a measurable component of fatigue. Participating in pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in significant improvement in patient’s self-reported fatigue severity. Further studies are necessary to evaluate and design interventions to improve fatigue in in the setting of advanced lung disease.

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Section: Measuring Fatigue and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Fatigue and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Fatigue Severity Scale In Patients with Lung Disease

Talwar

Sahni

John

et al. 2014

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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“…Five studies examined instruments that were self-administered by patients [10][11][12][13][14] ; 9 studies assessed instruments administered by nurses, physicians, or research staff members without formal psychiatric training [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ; and 6 studies evaluated instruments administered by mental health professionals. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Four studies compared different instruments that were administered in the same manner (eg, both self-administered by patients).…”

Section: Depression Screening Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,[14][15][16][17][18][19]22 In 2 of these studies, instruments were self-administered. In 1 case, a single self-administered item from the STOP-D instrument ("Over the past 2 weeks, how much have you been bothered by feeling sad, down, or uninterested in life?")…”

Section: Depression Screening Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Medical Patients

IsHak

Collison

Danovitch

et al. 2017

Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Depression among hospitalized patients is often unrecognized, undiagnosed, and therefore untreated. Little is known about the feasibility of screening for depression during hospitalization, or whether depression is associated with poorer outcomes, longer hospital stays, and higher readmission rates. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO for published, peer-reviewed articles in English (1990English ( -2016 using search terms designed to capture studies that tested the performance of depression screening tools in inpatient settings and studies that examined associations between depression detected during hospitalization and clinical or utilization outcomes. Two investigators reviewed each full-text article and extracted data. The prevalence of depression ranged from 5% to 60%, with a median of 33%, among hospitalized patients. Several screening tools identified showed high sensitivity and specificity, even when self-administered by patients or when abbreviated versions were administered by individuals without formal training. With regard to outcomes, studies from several individual hospitals found depression to be associated with poorer functional outcomes, worse physical health, and returns to the hospital after discharge. These findings suggest that depression screening may be feasible in the inpatient setting, and that more research is warranted to determine whether screening for and treating depression during hospitalization can improve patient outcomes.

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“…The GDS-5 has been found to be as effective as the standard 15-item GDS scale in depression screening 28) . Response categories were yes (1) or no (0), the total score range was between 0 (good) and 5 (worst), and Cronbachʼs alpha was 0.70.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating effect of spiritual well-being on the association between depressive state and living arrangement in the elderly in rural Okinawa

Toyosato

Iha

Takahara

et al. 2016

Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the role of spiritual well-being as a moderator of the effect of living arrangement on depressive state in the elderly. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using semi-structured interviews in Okinawa on 2010. Four hundreds thirteen (165 men, 248 women) participants were asked about 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) as dependent variable, living arrangements (living alone or living with others) as independent variable, spiritual rating scale for elderly as mediating variable, and demographic and socioeconomic variables as control variables. The main and interaction effects were assessed using hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analyses. Results: The proportion of elderly who living alone was 26.6% (n 110), and they were significantly higher scores of GDS-5 than the elderly who living with others (P 0.001). Significant negative correlation was found between depressive state and spiritual well-being (r 0.27, P 0.001), and the result indicated that the elderly with higher spiritual well-being were lower depressive state. Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the correlation between living arrangement and spiritual well-being was positively associated with increased risk for depressive state (β 0.10, P 0.037). Simple slope analyses revealed that the elderly who living alone had significantly higher depressive state scores than those who living with others only in low spiritual well-being (P 0.002), but not in high spiritual well-being (P 0.445). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that spiritual well-being might play an important role in preventing the elderly who living alone from depression, and interventions aimed at promoting spiritual well-being in the elderly who living alone may lead to improvements in mental health.

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Validation of the Five-Item Geriatric Depression Scale in Elderly Subjects in Three Different Settings

Abstract: The five-item GDS is as effective as the 15-item GDS for the screening of depression in cognitively intact older subjects.

Cited by 350 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Fatigue Severity Scale In Patients with Lung Disease

Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Fatigue Severity Scale In Patients with Lung Disease

Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Medical Patients

The moderating effect of spiritual well-being on the association between depressive state and living arrangement in the elderly in rural Okinawa

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