Validation of the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score in a multiethnic Asian population: a retrospective cohort study

Chia, Yook Chin; Gray, Sarah Yu Weng; Ching, Siew Mooi; Lim, Hooi Min; Chinna, Karuthan

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007324

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…FRS was a scoring system made by traditional cardiovascular risk factors to predict the ten-year probability of coronary heart disease, which was considered a suitable tool for Asia population but may be overestimated cardiovascular risk of women among Taiwanese [35]. Results of this study showed insignificant association between dominant handgrip strength and FRS, which was in line with the previous report [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMuscle strength may play an important role in cardiovascular health. The study was intended to evaluate the association between cardiometabolic risk, risk of coronary artery disease and handgrip strength by using the relative handgrip strength.Materials and MethodsData of 927 Taiwanese aged 53 years and older (510 men and 417 women) were retrieved from a nationwide representative population-based cohort cross-sectional study in 2006. All participants were interviewed face-to-face and received measures of anthropometry, dominant handgrip strength, relative handgrip strength (summation of both handgrip strength divided by body mass index) and serum biomarkers.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analysis showed the significant association between relative handgrip strength and favorable cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol to high density cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid, Framingham risk score in men, and HDL-C, fasting glucose, HbA1c, log hsCRP in women. Dominant hand grip strength was only associated with log hsCRP in women. (p<0.05 for all), but was not significant associated with all cardiovascular biomarkers and FRS in both sex.ConclusionsJoint with handgrip strength and body size, as relative handgrip strength, may be a better tool to capture conceptual concomitant health, which may be a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-use tool when targeting cardiovascular health in public health level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

et al. 2016

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“…This study was conducted at an outpatient primary care clinic at the University Malaya Medical Centre, a teaching hospital in the Klang Valley of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All patients aged more than 30 years at baseline (1998), without any cardiovascular event at baseline, were eligible for the study . One thousand four hundred sixty‐four subjects were randomly selected from patients registered with the clinic, using a computer‐generated number based on patients' clinic registration number.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Visit‐to‐Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Renal Function Decline in Patients With Hypertension Over 15 Years

Chia

Lim

Ching

2016

JAHA

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BackgroundVisit‐to‐visit variability of systolic blood pressure (SBP) has been shown to contribute to cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. However, little is known about its long‐term effect on renal function. We aim to examine the relationship between visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability (BPV) and decline in renal function in patients with hypertension and to determine the level of systolic BPV that is associated with significant renal function decline.Methods and ResultsThis is a 15‐year retrospective cohort study of 825 hypertensive patients. Blood pressure readings every 3 months were retrieved from the 15 years of clinic visits. We used SD and coefficient of variation as a measure of systolic BPV. Serum creatinine was captured and estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated at baseline, 5, 10, and 15 years. The mean SD of SBP was 14.2±3.1 mm Hg and coefficient of variation of SBP was 10.2±2%. Mean for estimated glomerular filtration rate slope was −1.0±1.5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year. There was a significant relationship between BPV and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate (SD: r=−0.16, P<0.001; coefficient of variation: r=−0.14, P<0.001, Pearson's correlation). BPV of SBP for each individual was significantly associated with slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate after adjustment for mean SBP and other confounders. The cutoff values estimated by the receiver operating characteristic curve for the onset of chronic kidney disease for SD of SBP was 13.5 mm Hg and coefficient of variation of SBP was 9.74%.ConclusionsLong‐term visit‐to‐visit variability of SBP is an independent determinant of renal deterioration in patients with hypertension. Hence, every effort should be made to reduce BPV in order to slow down the decline of renal function.

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“…The risk score included age, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes and smoking [17, 18]. The score is previously validated in a multiethnic Asian population [19, 20]. …”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors among 25–74 years old citizens in Yangon Region, Myanmar: a cross sectional study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRecent societal and political reforms in Myanmar may upturn the socio-economy and, thus, contribute to the country’s health transition. Baseline data on urban-rural disparities in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors are not thoroughly described in this country which has been relatively closed for more than five decades. We aim to investigate urban-rural differences in mean values and the prevalence of selected behavioral and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases and 10-years risk in development of coronary heart diseases (CHD).MethodsTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in urban and rural areas of Yangon Region in 2013 and 2014 respectively, using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of risk factors of NCDs. Through a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 1486 participants were recruited.ResultsAge-standardized prevalence of the behavioral risk factors tended to be higher in the rural than urban areas for all included factors and significantly higher for alcohol drinking (19.9% vs. 13.9%; p = 0.040) and low fruit & vegetable consumption (96.7% vs. 85.1%; p = 0.001). For the metabolic risk factors, the tendency was opposite, with higher age-standardized prevalence estimates in urban than rural areas, significantly for overweight and obesity combined (40.9% vs. 31.2%; p = 0.023), obesity (12.3% vs.7.7%; p = 0.019) and diabetes (17.2% vs. 9.2%; p = 0.024). In sub-group analysis by gender, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher in urban than rural areas among males, 61.8% vs. 40.4%; p = 0.002 and 31.4% vs. 20.7%; p = 0.009, respectively. Mean values of age-standardized metabolic parameters showed higher values in urban than rural areas for both male and female. Based on WHO age-standardized Framingham risk scores, 33.0% (95% CI = 31.7–34.4) of urban dwellers and 27.0% (95% CI = 23.5–30.8) of rural dwellers had a moderate to high risk of developing CHD in the next 10 years.ConclusionThe metabolic risk factors, as well as a moderate or high ten-year risk of CHD were more common among urban residents whereas behavioral risk factors levels were higher in among the rural people of Yangon Region. The high prevalences of NCD risk factors in both urban and rural areas call for preventive measures to reduce the future risk of NCDs in Myanmar.

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Validation of the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score in a multiethnic Asian population: a retrospective cohort study

Cited by 89 publications

References 22 publications

Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

Long‐Term Visit‐to‐Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Renal Function Decline in Patients With Hypertension Over 15 Years

Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors among 25–74 years old citizens in Yangon Region, Myanmar: a cross sectional study

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