Validation of the Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R)

Abstract

The Italian version of the CRS-R can be administered reliably and can be also employed to discriminate patients in vegetative and in minimally conscious state.

A Russian validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R)

“…We used Cronbach's alpha to assess the reliability, or internal consistency of the scale. We compared We considered the value of 0.8 as a reasonable threshold indicating "good" reliability [10].…”

“…We used Cohen's Kappa coefficient and inter-class correlation to measure inter-rater agreement between the overall CRS-R scores, and between the scores per individual test item given by the two experts [9] We assessed the test-retest reliability/repeatability with Pearson correlation coefficient. We applied Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to measure the degree of values association between two ranked variables (single or multiple) from different scales [10].…”

“…We chose the CRS-R because of its strong psychometric properties [5] and recommendations based on the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine [6]. The design of this study was based on CRS-R validation studies performed by our colleagues from other countries [5,[8][9][10]. The GCS and the FOUR score were selected for comparative testing as these tools appear to be the most familiar to medical specialists in Russia for DOC evaluation, though, these scales are not yet officially translated into Russian.…”

A Brief Overview of the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised

“…The revised version has been extensively investigated and shown to be valid, reliable, and clinically useful for monitoring recovery of consciousness, establishing differential diagnosis, and evaluating response to treatment. 2,5,6,7 Two recent studies using Item Response Theory analyses revealed strong evidence of construct validity and empiric support for the theoretical hierarchy of behaviors assessed within each subscale. 4 The validity, reliability, and diagnostic utility of the CRS-R have been shown to be sound across a variety of settings, in non-Englishspeaking populations, and among raters with varying levels of experience.…”

EEG power spectra and subcortical pathology in chronic disorders of consciousness

“…Then, the selected EEG activity was analyzed by dividing it into 90 non-overlapping 2 s segments. Absolute total power and relative power were evaluated in the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), beta(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and gamma (>30 Hz) bands, and averaged within each EEG channel.MRI data acquisition and processingNeuroimaging data were obtained with a 3T MR scanner (Achieva, Philips Healthcare BV, Best, NL) equipped with a 32-channel head coil. The MRI protocol comprised a high resolution 3D-TFE T1-weighted sequence (185 sagittal slices, TR = 9.781 ms, TE = 4.6 ms, FOV = 240 × 240 mm 2 , voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 , flip angle = 8 • ).…”