Validation of the laboratory measurements at seismic frequencies using the Kramers‐Kronig relationship

Mikhaltsevitch, Vassili; Lebedev, Maxim; Gurevich, Boris

doi:10.1002/2016gl069269

Cited by 45 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is often accompanied by the decay of wave amplitude with distance, namely, attenuation. The quantitative relationship between the dispersion and corresponding attenuation satisfies the causality principle expressed by the Kramers‐Kronig relationship (Mikhaltsevitch et al, ; O'Donnell et al, ). Dispersion and attenuation for fluid‐saturated rocks arise from wave‐induced fluid flow in pores at different length scales (Biot, , ; Gurevich et al, ; Johnson, ; Müller et al, ; Pride et al, ; White, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fluid Substitution and Shear Weakening in Clay‐Bearing Sandstone at Seismic Frequencies

et al. 2019

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Using the forced oscillation method and the ultrasonic transmission method, we measure the elastic moduli of a clay‐bearing Thüringen sandstone under dry and water‐saturated conditions in a broad frequency band at [0.004–10, 106] Hz for different differential pressures up to 30 MPa. Under water‐saturated condition, clear dispersion and attenuation for Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Bulk modulus are observed at seismic frequencies, except for shear modulus. The measured dispersion and attenuation are mainly attributed to the drained/undrained transition, which considers the experimentally undrained boundary condition. Gassmann's predictions are consistent with the measured undrained bulk moduli but not with the shear moduli. Clear shear weakening is observed, and this water‐softening effect is stronger at seismic frequencies than at ultrasonic frequencies where stiffening effect related to squirt flow may mask real shear weakening. The reduction in surface free energy due to chemical interaction between pore fluid and rock frame, which is not taken into account by Gassmann's theory, is the main reason for the departure from Gassmann's predictions, especially for this rock containing a large number of clay minerals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fluid Substitution and Shear Weakening in Clay‐Bearing Sandstone at Seismic Frequencies

et al. 2019

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“…In a glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone sample, Mikhaltsevtich et al . (, ) measure the dynamic Young's modulus and Poisson ratio, from which they infer the bulk and shear moduli as well as the corresponding attenuation modes. By performing measurements at temperatures from 31°C to 23°C, they observe a shift of the extensional mode attenuation peak from ∼2 to ∼0.4 Hz, associated with the reduction of the glycerine viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Chapman

Borgomano

Yin

et al. 2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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Fluid pressure diffusion occurring on the microscopic scale is believed to be a significant source of intrinsic attenuation of mechanical waves propagating through fully saturated porous rocks. The so‐called squirt flow arises from compressibility heterogeneities in the microstructure of the rocks. To study squirt flow experimentally at seismic frequencies the forced oscillation method is the most adequate, but such studies are still scarce. Here we present the results of forced hydrostatic and axial oscillation experiments on dry and glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone, from which we determine the dynamic stiffness moduli and attenuation at micro‐seismic and seismic frequencies (0.004–30 Hz). We observe frequency‐dependent attenuation and the associated moduli dispersion in response to the drained–undrained transition (∼0.1 Hz) and squirt flow (>3 Hz), which are in fairly good agreement with the results of the corresponding analytical solutions. The comparison with very similar experiments performed also on Berea sandstone in addition shows that squirt flow can potentially be a source of wave attenuation across a wide range of frequencies because of its sensitivity to small variations in the rock microstructure, especially in the aspect ratio of micro‐cracks or grain contacts.

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“…For this purpose, most teams applied experimental undrained condition on the rock sample in order to investigate effects beyond the undrained regime. Several authors (e.g., Mikhaltsevitch et al, , , ; Pimienta, Fortin, & Guéguen, , ; Pimienta, Fortin, Borgomano, et al, ; Spencer & Shine, ; Subramaniyan et al, ) interpreted the measured dispersion and attenuation in terms of squirt flow. Consistent with squirt flow theory, the observed dispersion/attenuation effect depends both on frequency and fluid viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fully Saturated Sandstones: Role of Mineral Content, Porosity, and Pressures

et al. 2017

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Because measuring the frequency dependence of elastic properties in the laboratory is a technical challenge, not enough experimental data exist to test the existing theories. We report measurements of three fluid‐saturated sandstones over a broad frequency band: Wilkenson, Berea, and Bentheim sandstones. Those sandstones samples, chosen for their variable porosities and mineral content, are saturated by fluids of varying viscosities. The samples elastic response (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and hydraulic response (fluid flow out of the sample) are measured as a function of frequency. Large dispersion and attenuation phenomena are observed over the investigated frequency range. For all samples, the variation at lowest frequency relates to a large fluid flow directly measured out of the rock samples. These are the cause (i.e., fluid flow) and consequence (i.e., dispersion/attenuation) of the transition between drained and undrained regimes. Consistently, the characteristic frequency correlates with permeability for each sandstone. Beyond this frequency, a second variation is observed for all samples, but the rocks behave differently. For Berea sandstone, an onset of dispersion/attenuation is expected from both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at highest frequency. For Bentheim and Wilkenson sandstones, however, only Young's modulus shows dispersion/attenuation phenomena. For Wilkenson sandstone, the viscoelastic‐like dispersion/attenuation response is interpreted as squirt flow. For Bentheim sandstone, the second effect does not fully follow such response, which could be due to a lower accuracy in the measured attenuation or to the occurence of another physical effect in this rock sample.

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Validation of the laboratory measurements at seismic frequencies using the Kramers‐Kronig relationship

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Fluid Substitution and Shear Weakening in Clay‐Bearing Sandstone at Seismic Frequencies

Fluid Substitution and Shear Weakening in Clay‐Bearing Sandstone at Seismic Frequencies

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fully Saturated Sandstones: Role of Mineral Content, Porosity, and Pressures

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