Validation of the Measurement of the Angle of Trunk Rotation in Photogrammetry

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the photogrammetric measurement of the angle of trunk rotation in relation to the scoliometer instrument. Methods: Fifty-eight prominences from individuals with ages between 7 and 18 and with suspicion of spinal asymmetry (SA) were evaluated through the scoliometer and photogrammetry. The photographs were analyzed in the Digital Image-based Postural Assessment software. For statistical purposes, we used Pearson's correlation test (r), root mean square error, Bland-Altman graphical analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve. The level of significance was P .05. Results: Excellent correlation for the angle of trunk rotation was obtained between the scoliometer and photogrammetry, with a root mean square error of 3 . The Bland-Altman graphical analysis showed equally dispersed data with no participants outside the limits of agreement. The receiver operating characteristic curve evidenced that (1) the cutoff point for the identification of the presence of spinal asymmetry is 4 ; (2) mild to moderate SA is between 4 and 7 ; (3) moderate to severe SA is above 8 ; and (4) sensitivity and specificity were above 83% and 78%, respectively, with an area under the curve ! 90%. Conclusion: Photogrammetry is validated for measuring the angle of trunk rotation, being an accurate and accessible tool for the evaluation of patients with spinal asymmetries.

Development and validation of a digital twin for the analog scoliometer

“…Using radiography, the popular methods are the Nash-Moe method 50 , the Perdriolle method 51 , the Stokes method 52 , the Raimondi method 53 , and the Rib Vertebra Angle Difference method (for infants) 54 . Most notable nonradiographic and non-invasive methods include the Adam's forward bend test (with and without the scoliometer) 13 , Moiré topography 55 , spinal ultrasound 56 , depth sensors 57,58 , infrared thermography 59 and techniques based on 3D surface topography [60][61][62][63][64] . It must be noted that radiographic methods are predominantly used with the patient in the standing position and non-radiographic methods are predominantly used with the patient in the forward bending position which more clearly displays the ATR produced by scoliosis.…”

Increased Computer Use is Associated with Trunk Asymmetry That Negatively Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life in Early Adolescents

“…The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were determined following a literature review. 17,37 The eligibility criteria included the ability to 1) maintain a standing position without help, 2) understand and comply with instructions, 3) read and write in Chinese, and 4) complete the questionnaire properly. Early adolescents with known diagnoses of musculoskeletal or developmental disorders that may affect the spinal curvature, surgical intervention of the spine, or mental and/or psychological disabilities were excluded.…”

“…31,35 Measurement of the ATR using a scoliometer has been described in the literature as a reliable, noninvasive measure of trunk asymmetry, [31][32][33][34] and its cutoff point is usually between 5° and 7°. 33,37,50 In the study, an ATR ≥ 5° with one or more observable physical signs of postural problems on visual inspection was considered as indicative of trunk asymmetry. 28 Of the 1294 early adolescents who were screened, 100 (7.7%; 26 males and 74 females) were identified to have trunk asymmetry, while the remaining early adolescents either did not demonstrate trunk asymmetry or demonstrated mild trunk asymmetry with an ATR of < 5°.…”

Development and validation of machine learning-based models for prediction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A retrospective study

“…The scoliosis screening involved in this study was conducted by a team of experienced and trained rehabilitation therapists from Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, who used visual inspection, Adam FBT and measurement of angle of trunk rotation with a scoliometer for physical examination. [12][13][14] When participants have trunk rotation angle > 5° or show obvious clinical signs of scoliosis, the lateral Cobb angle will be used to accurately measure the curvature of the spine. Cobb angle ≥ 10° was considered as AIS (as shown in Fig.…”