Validation of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) in a Sample of Greek Teachers

Abstract

Workplace bullying/mobbing is a globally recognized problem. In numerous studies executed in Europe and North America, workplace bulling/mobbing is associated with psychological, psychosomatic, and behavioral effects on the individual, while it causes severe side-effects on the professional environment. Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-22) has been widely used by researchers to assess the phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of NAQ-22 in a sample of 265 primary and secondary school teachers. The teachers filled the NAQ-22, DASS-21, PSS, and Self-Esteem Questionnaires anonymously. Reliability and validity indexes of the tool were satisfactory (Cronbach's α = 0.915). Specifically, the study showed a negative correlation between mobbing and self-esteem (r = −0.364 ** ) and positive correlation between mobbing and stress (r = 0.406), anxiety and depression (r = 0.389).

Investigating Workplace Bullying in India: Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Cutoff Scores of Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised

“…The findings suggest that in India, bullying at work is conceptualized more in terms of psychological violence rather than a form of physical violence. This corresponds to the view held by World Health Organization regarding nature of workplace bullying (as cited in Kakoulakis et al, 2015).…”

“…NAQ-R is the most widely tested and extensively used indirect measure of workplace bullying (Giorgi, Arenas, & Leon-Perez, 2011;Kakoulakis et al, 2015) that has been used in more than 300 research projects (Notelaers & Einarsen, 2013) across different sectors with more than 50,000 respondents and over 40 countries worldwide. Although an internationally acclaimed indirect standardized measure of workplace bullying (Ciby & Raya, 2015), NAQ-R has been developed in Norway (Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009) and tested mostly in Western countries.…”

The Effects of Moral Emotional Traits on Workplace Bullying Perpetration

“…In their scale development article, Einarsen et al (2009) provide reliability evidence and evidence for the validity of the 22-item measure as an index of the frequency of being a bullying target. Further, two recent studies found evidence of reliability and construct validity in samples in Japan (Takaki et al, 2010), Korea (Nam, Kim, Kim, Koo, & Park, 2010), and Greece (Kakoulakis et al, 2015). For the present study, items were modified in such a manner as to assess the frequency of perpetrating acts of bullying (e.g., "In the past year, how often have you given a person tasks with unreasonable deadlines?").…”

Assédio Moral no Âmbito da Justiça: Quando o Cenário Produz Violência Psicológica e Danos na Saúde de Servidores Públicos Brasileiros

“…Este questionário mostra-se útil para investigar grandes amostras populacionais, sendo de fácil aplicação, e pode ser adaptado para culturas diversas (Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009;Maciel & Gonçalves, 2008). Os resultados em várias amostras evidenciaram que o instrumento possui alta consistência interna, tendo os pesquisadores encontrado Alpha entre 0,86 e 0,93 (Borges & Ferreira, 2015;Charilaos et al, 2015;Jacoby & Monteiro, 2014). No presente estudo encontrou-se Alpha de Cronbach de 0,90, patamar que vem a corroborar a sua excelente confiabilidade interna para investigar o AM no trabalho.…”