Validation of the objective assessment of facial movement with a new software-based system

Monini, Simonetta; Filippi, Chiara; Marinozzi, Franco; Traglia, Mario Di; Bini, Fabiano; Marchelletta, Silvia; Ferraioli, Mario; Margani, Valerio; Marinelli, Alessia; Barbara, Maurizio

doi:10.1080/00016489.2019.1587505

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The subjects were consecutively included in each corresponding HB stage, from II to V, with ten subjects per group. All these subjects were previously assessed by a marker-based system [15] that provided data significantly correspondent to those obtained via both HB and Sunnybrook grading systems [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the healthy side in comparison of that of the affected side, in patients who were already classified and validated in a previous study [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to elaborate an objective method for this purpose, an automatic software-based system has previously been reported and validated for the evaluation of UPFP via the analysis of shifting of markers preliminarily placed on specific face regions [15,16]. Although the system was appropriate for most UPFP cases and also consistent with the outcome from the subjective HB grading system, it is likely that marker placement may represent a biasing variable that is conditioned by the examiner's experience and by the different physiognomic characteristics of some affected individuals presenting with a poorly defined eyelid region, especially during closure and opening of the eyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of the present study was to elaborate a video recording automatic system for grading patients with UPFP without using facial markers. In this regard, the study group was composed of subjects who were previously classified and validated with another objective video recording system [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An objective, markerless videosystem for staging facial palsy

Monini

Ripoli

Filippi

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Purpose To propose a new objective, video recording method for the classification of unilateral peripheral facial palsy (UPFP) that relies on mathematical algorithms allowing the software to recognize numerical points on the two sides of the face surface that would be indicative of facial nerve impairment without positioning of markers on the face. Methods Patients with UPFP of different House–Brackmann (HB) degrees ranging from II to V were evaluated after video recording during two selected facial movements (forehead frowning and smiling) using a software trained to recognize the face points as numbers. Numerical parameters in millimeters were obtained as indicative values of the shifting of the face points, of the shift differences of the two face sides and the shifting ratio between the healthy (denominator) and the affected side (numerator), i.e., the asymmetry index for the two movements. Results For each HB grade, specific asymmetry index ranges were identified with a positive correlation for shift differences and negative correlation for asymmetry indexes. Conclusions The use of the present objective system enabled the identification of numerical ranges of asymmetry between the healthy and the affected side that were consistent with the outcome from the subjective methods currently in use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the healthy side in comparison of that of the affected side, in patients who were already classified and validated in a previous study [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An objective, markerless videosystem for staging facial palsy

Monini

Ripoli

Filippi

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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“…All grading systems in wider clinical use today are subjective. Objective methods are not yet in everyday use or are only usable for a certain facial region [27][28][29]. Many of the studies on grading methods have understandably also used video recordings of the patients.…”

Section: Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: long-term facial palsy outcome assessed face-to-face by three different grading scales and compared to patient self-assessment

Kanerva

Jones

Pitkäranta

2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Purpose To determine the long-term facial palsy outcome of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome by face-to-face grading by House-Brackmann Grading System, Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0, and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System concomitantly. To compare the applicability of the grading scales. To compare patients' self-assessed facial palsy outcome results to gradings performed by the investigator. To compare the face-to-face assessed facial palsy outcome to the initial palsy grade. Methods Fifty-seven patients self-assessed their facial palsy outcome and came to a one-time follow-up visit. The palsy outcome was graded by one investigator using the three above-mentioned grading systems concomitantly. The median time from syndrome onset to follow-up visit was 6.6 years. Result A good long-term face-to-face assessed palsy outcome was enjoyed by 84% of the patients. Trying to assess only one House-Brackmann grade to represent the palsy outcome was impossible for most patients. Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 worked better, but needed adjustments and certain sequelae findings needed to be neglected for it to be executable. The Sunnybrook system worked the best. Nearly 20% of the patients assessed themselves differently from the investigator: both better and worse. Conclusion The Sunnybrook scale was the most applicable system used. With antiviral medication, the outcome of facial palsy in Ramsay Hunt syndrome starts to resemble that of Bell's palsy and emphasizes the importance of recognizing the syndrome and treating it accordingly. The results give hope to patients instead of the gloomy prospects that have stigmatized the syndrome.

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