Background
Complicated grief (CG) is a bereavement-specific syndrome characterized by traumatic and separation distress lasting over 6 months. Little is known about the role of dissociation experienced during or immediately after the loss of a loved one (i.e. Peri-Loss Dissociation (PLD)) in CG. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PLD-adapted peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire and its association with symptom severity, treatment response, and drop-out rate.
Methods
PLD data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial of two loss-focused psychotherapy approaches for CG was examined. Treatment-seeking individuals with primary CG (n=193) were assessed for PLD at the initial visit, 95 of whom were randomized and completed at least one treatment session.
Results
The PLD-adapted peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire was found to be internally consistent (alpha = 0.91) with good convergent and divergent validity. After controlling for age, gender, time since loss and current comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, self-reported PLD was associated with greater CG symptom severity (p<0.01). However, contrary to our hypotheses, after controlling for age, baseline symptoms severity, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment arm, PLD was predictive of better treatment response (p<0.05) and lower study discontinuation (p<0.01).
Conclusions
PLD may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for CG and those who might respond to psychotherapy. Additional research should investigate the relationship of PLD with treatment outcome for different treatment approaches, and whether PLD prospectively predicts the development of CG.