Validation of the Sonomat: A Contactless Monitoring System Used for the Diagnosis of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Norman, Mark; Middleton, Sally; Erskine, Odette; Middleton, Peter G.; Wheatley, John R.; Sullivan, Colin E.

doi:10.5665/sleep.3996

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…33,34 For example, there has been development of a mat containing several vibration/sound sensors that can record breathing movement and airfl ow. 33 Th e subject sleeps on this mat (placed on the mattress under the bedsheet) overnight. Simultaneous PSG and mat recordings were made in 62 adult subjects.…”

Section: Minimal Contact Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Home Sleep Apnea Testing

Tan

Kheirandish‐Gozal

Gozal

2015

Chest

108

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Section: Minimal Contact Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Home Sleep Apnea Testing

Tan

Kheirandish‐Gozal

Gozal

2015

Chest

108

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“…Several portable home sleep monitoring devices have also been developed to evaluate sleep staging, overall sleep time, and sleep quality. [10][11][12][13] Of these, the EarlySense (ES) contact-free sensor has been validated for measuring movement, heart rate, and respiration 14 and is currently used in hospitals in the United States. 15,16 The primary objective of the current study was to validate the accuracy of a new home-adapted sensor (Figure 1) for reliably determining sleep/wake state and sleep parameters as compared to PSG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to our knowledge, the ES sensor shows the highest accuracy for four sleep-state analysis compared to any other published non-EEG system, including other contactless monitoring devices that use technology based on passive infrared, 22 sonography, 13 or pressure sensation. 23 The current results demonstrate that the performance of the contact-free ES sensor was not impaired by environmental factors, such as home environment, mattress type, or a second person in the bed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Contact-Free Sleep Monitoring Device with Comparison to Polysomnography

Tal

Shinar

Shaki

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

125

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Study Objectives: To validate a contact-free system designed to achieve maximal comfort during long-term sleep monitoring, together with high monitoring accuracy. Methods: We used a contact-free monitoring system (EarlySense, Ltd., Israel), comprising an under-the-mattress piezoelectric sensor and a smartphone application, to collect vital signs and analyze sleep. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body movement, and calculated sleep-related parameters from the EarlySense (ES) sensor were compared to data simultaneously generated by the gold standard, polysomnography (PSG). Subjects in the sleep laboratory underwent overnight technician-attended full PSG, whereas subjects at home were recorded for 1 to 3 nights with portable partial PSG devices. Data were compared epoch by epoch. Results: A total of 63 subjects (85 nights) were recorded under a variety of sleep conditions. Compared to PSG, the contact-free system showed similar values for average total sleep time (TST), % wake, % rapid eye movement, and % non-rapid eye movement sleep, with 96.1% and 93.3% accuracy of continuous measurement of HR and RR, respectively. We found a linear correlation between TST measured by the sensor and TST determined by PSG, with a coefficient of 0.98 (R = 0.87). Epoch-by-epoch comparison with PSG in the sleep laboratory setting revealed that the system showed sleep detection sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.5%, 80.4%, and 90.5%, respectively. Conclusions: TST estimates with the contact-free sleep monitoring system were closely correlated with the gold-standard reference. This system shows good sleep staging capability with improved performance over accelerometer-based apps, and collects additional physiological information on heart rate and respiratory rate.

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“…Interscorer agreement for events scored on Sonomat, differentiation of central versus obstructive events, and evaluation of snoring were also comparable to that of PSG. 65 Cardiopulmonary coupling, as noted previously, is a promising technology for assessing sleep stability and tracking sleep disordered breathing. Can these technologies eventually be used as adjuncts or even substitutes for conventional diagnostic testing for sleep disordered breathing?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Sleep Technologies: A Review of the Landscape

Kientz

Choe

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

191

148

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Objective: To review sleep related consumer technologies, including mobile electronic device "apps," wearable devices, and other technologies. Validation and methodological transparency, the effect on clinical sleep medicine, and various social, legal, and ethical issues are discussed. C onsumer sleep technologies (CSTs) are increasingly popular computer-based systems available to the general public for the purpose of improving or self-monitoring sleep. Their primary goals include sleep induction, wake induction, selfguided sleep assessment, entertainment, social connection, information sharing, and sleep education. There is scant literature discussing these technologies.1,2 Despite a paucity of clinical validation with traditional sleep technologies (e.g., polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT), and clinical-grade actigraphy), CSTs are here to stay because of their innovative nature, convenience, and affordability.Although adoption rates are not available, sleep-tracking products such as Fitbit and Jawbone are top sellers in consumer health products.3,4 The highest-funded health device on Kickstarter was a sleep monitor, which garnered more than $2.4 million in fi nancial backing. 5 A recent search for "sleep" in the Apple iTunes app store returned over 500 different sleep related applications, or "apps," available for download 6 ; similar searches on Android and Microsoft's app stores return hundreds of results. 7,8 Certain apps boast more than fi ve million downloads; one of the top fi ve paid apps in 2014 on iTunes was a sleep tracker and alarm clock. 9 We use the metaphor "over-the-counter" to describe these CSTs, because they are mostly available without a prescription or clinical guidance. Clinical sleep specialists should be aware of these increasingly popular technologies, as patients may request interpretation of derived data. This paper aims to provide a general overview of CSTs and their potential social, ethical, legal, and clinical effect. Although rapid development of these technologies obviates an exhaustive review, we outline some of the more popular, illustrative, or innovative technologies to give sleep specialists an idea of the recent landscape. Consumer Sleep Technologies: A Review of the Landscape METHODSWe searched PubMed and the digital libraries of the Association for Computing Machinery and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (where technology developers publish peer-reviewed articles), with search terms including "sleep technology," "sleep app," and "sleep monitoring." We eliminated articles that were not relevant to sleep (e.g., applications for controlling a computer's hibernation mode). We ran similar searches on Google, specifi cally focusing on consumer technology-related websites such as MIT Technology Review, 10

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Validation of the Sonomat: A Contactless Monitoring System Used for the Diagnosis of Sleep Disordered Breathing

Abstract: These data indicate that the Sonomat was reliable and accurate for the diagnosis of OSA. The provision of audible breath sound/snoring replay permits more accurate quantification of snoring. It requires no patient attachment and can be performed in the home with minimal training.

Cited by 68 publications

References 27 publications

Pediatric Home Sleep Apnea Testing

Pediatric Home Sleep Apnea Testing

Validation of Contact-Free Sleep Monitoring Device with Comparison to Polysomnography

Consumer Sleep Technologies: A Review of the Landscape

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