Validation of the subtle and blatant racism scale for Asian American college students (SABR-A²).

Abstract

This investigation describes the validation of a measure of perceived racism developed to assess racial experiences of Asian American college students. In three studies across two different regions of the United States, there was strong evidence for the validation of the 8-item Subtle and Blatant Racism Scale for Asian American College Students (SABR-A2). The subtle racism subscale refers to instances of discrimination attributable implicitly to racial bias or stereotype, whereas the blatant racism subscale refers to instances of discrimination attributable explicitly to racial bias or stereotype. The two-subscale structure of the SABR-A2 was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and demonstrated discriminant, convergent, and incremental validity, as well as internal reliability and stability over 2 weeks.

Role of identity integration on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and psychological adjustment of multiracial people.

“…At the time this study was conducted, there were no validated measures of racial discrimination focusing on multiracial individuals or their unique experiences. The PEDQ-CV displayed good convergent and discriminant validity with other measures of perceived racism and psychological adjustment primarily for Black and Latino samples (e.g., Brondolo et al, 2005) and Asian American samples (e.g., Yoo, Steger, & Lee, 2010), with less than 6% of multiracial individuals in each of these studies. A total discrimination score (Discrimination) was used for this study rather than the four subscales of the instrument, given high intercorrelations between discrimination subscales (r = .50-.70) and overall pattern of main effect and interaction findings not differing between discrimination subscales, thus decreasing the probability of Type I error.…”

User-Generated Racism: An Analysis of Stereotypes of African Americans, Latinos, and Asians in YouTube Videos

“…Although typically race has been studied in terms of a Black-White dichotomy, Latinos-now the United States's largest minority-have found themselves the latest main target of racism (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2009). Asians, a small (5%) but the fastest growing population in the United States during the last decade (United States Census, 2012), also have suffered discrimination and prejudice (e.g., Yoo, Steger, & Lee, 2010). Thus, this study considers racial portrayals of Blacks, Latinos, and Asians in YouTube videos.…”

Racialization, Othering, and Coping Among Adult International Adoptees in Finland

“…However, subtle forms of racism can be more hurtful than blatant forms of racism, as they are difficult to identify, which in turn makes it more difficult to attribute them to external causes and so blame the perpetrators (Yoo, Lee & Steger, 2010). Anna described a situation in which she simultaneously perceived a blatant form of racism by those who were insulting her and a subtle form of racism in the fact that she was left alone without any help from outsiders.…”