Validation of the UNESP-Botucatu unidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cattle

Oliveira, F. A.; Luna, Stélio Pacca Loureiro; Amaral, Jackson Barros do; Rodrigues, Karoline Alves; Sant’Anna, Aline Cristina; Daolio, Milena; Brondani, Juliana Tabarelli

doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0200-0

Cited by 83 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The behavior evaluation scheme was based on pain behaviors selected from the literature (Molony and Kent, 1997;Hudson et al, 2008;Siivonen et al, 2011;Mølgaard et al, 2012;Fogsgaard et al, 2012Fogsgaard et al, , 2015Prunier et al, 2013;de Oliveira et al, 2014;Gleerup et al, 2015). The behaviors included in the evaluation scheme are described in Table 1.…”

Section: Behavior Evaluation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and patho-physiological response as possible signs of pain in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis: A pilot study

Roches

Fauré

Lussert

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases in the dairy industry and it is a major welfare problem. Pain during mastitis is generally assessed through behavior but a combination of indicators would increase the chances of detecting pain and assessing its intensity. The aim of this study was to assess behavioral and patho-physiological responses as possible signs of pain experienced by cows after experimental intramammary challenge (mastitis) with Escherichia coli. Six Holstein-Friesian cows received an inoculation of E. coli P4 in one healthy quarter. Evolution of the disease was assessed using bacteriological growth and somatic cell counts (SCC). Cows' response to the challenge was monitored by direct behavioral and clinical observations, data loggers, rumen temperature sensors, and indicators of inflammation, stress, and oxidative status. From all data recorded, the variables that contributed most to the discrimination of mastitis phases were obtained by factorial discriminant analysis. Baseline levels of all indicators corresponded to values before challenge. Specifically, we weighted data relating to lying behavior by the observations at the same hour of the day before challenge to eliminate the circadian rhythm effect. We identified 3 phases that were discriminated by factorial discriminant analysis with good performance. Nine indicators varied according to the phase of the disease: cows' attitude toward their surroundings, tail position, clinical signs, ear position, variation of postural changes, concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA), cortisol blood levels, and rumen temperature (as a surrogate for body temperature). In phase 1 (4 to 8 h postinoculation), E. coli proliferated exponentially in milk but inflammation indicators remained at baseline levels. Cows were less attentive toward their surroundings (median score, 0.63), and postural changes (lying/standing) were less frequent (0.75 times from baseline). In phase 2 (12 to 24 h postinoculation), bacterial concentrations peaked around 12 h and then began to decrease concomitantly with a sharp SCC increase. Cows were less attentive toward their surroundings (score, 0.54), had high plasma cortisol (31.3 ng/mL) and SAA (100.3 µg/mL) concentrations, and rumen temperature was increased (40.3°C). In phase 3 (32 to 80 h postinoculation), bacterial concentrations decreased concomitantly with high SCC levels. Cows had high levels of haptoglobin (0.57 mg/mL) and SAA (269 µg/mL) but showed no behavioral changes. Dairy cows displayed changes of behavioral, inflammatory, and stress parameters after E. coli mammary inoculation. Our results suggest that cows may have experienced discomfort in the preclinical phase (phase 1) and pain in the acute phase (phase 2) but neither discomfort nor pain in the remission phase (phase 3). Although larger controlled studies are needed to confirm our findings, this knowledge could be useful for early detection of E. coli mastitis and for decision-making regarding the initiation of pain-relief treatment durin...

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Section: Behavior Evaluation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and patho-physiological response as possible signs of pain in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis: A pilot study

Roches

Fauré

Lussert

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Her iki grupta da operasyon bölgesinin gerekli asepsi-antisepsisi gibi rutin hazırlıklarını takiben, intramusküler olarak 0,1 mg/kg dozunda kullanılan ksilazin HCl (Alfazyne ® %2, Egevet, İzmir) ile sedasyon sağlandıktan sonra, lidokain HCl (Vilcaine ® , Vilsan, Ankara) kullanılarak elde edilen lokal infiltrasyon anestezisi eşliğinde gerçekleştirildi. [8][9][10][11][12] Çalışmadaki her bir buzağı postoperatif iki, dört, sekiz ve 12. saatlerde ağrı skalalarına tabi tutuldu. Bu ağrı skalalarına göre değerlendirme işlemi her defasında aynı kişi tarafından yapılarak, olası hatalar minimize edilmeye çalışıldı.…”

Section: çAlişma Gruplarinin Planlanmasiunclassified

“…Ağrının değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak kedi, köpek ya da atlara yönelik ağrı skalaları yaygın kullanılmaktadır; ancak sığırlarda akut ağrının belirlenmesine yönelik spesifik bir skala geliştirilememiş olmasına rağmen, analjezik ihtiyacının belirlenmesi ve ağrı kontrolünün sağlanması için fizyolojik veya vital değişikliklerden ziyade hayvanın baş, göz, kulak ve yüz kaslarındaki değişikliklerle birlikte çevreye karşı davranışlarına dayandırılarak yorumlanan formlar bulunmaktadır. 11,13 Sığırlarda ağrıya karşı verilen reaksiyonların belirlenmesi diğer hayvan türlerine daha göre zordur ve bu hayvanlarda iştah, hayvanın aldığı pozisyon, baş ve yüz ifadeleri, kulakların tutuluşu, diğer hayvanlara veya çevreye karşı ilgi gibi durumlar esas alınmalıdır. 12 Yeni doğan buzağılarda genellikle kastrasyon veya boynuzsuzlaştırma gibi cerrahi işlemlerden sonra postoperatif ağrı çalışmaları yapılmıştır.…”

Section: İstatistiksel Analizunclassified

“…12 Yeni doğan buzağılarda genellikle kastrasyon veya boynuzsuzlaştırma gibi cerrahi işlemlerden sonra postoperatif ağrı çalışmaları yapılmıştır. [8][9][10][11][12] Molony ve ark. ; huzursuzluk durumu, ayakta durma, tekmeleme, etkiye karşı verilen yanıtlar, baş hareketleri, kuyruk hareketleri, vücudun gergin tutuluşu ve duruşunu konu edinen bir form üzerinde çalışmışlar ve elde ettikleri sonuçları bildirmişlerdir.…”

Section: İstatistiksel Analizunclassified

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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Graft Use on Postoperative Pain in the Repair of Umbilical Hernia in the Calves

Tan¹,

Yayla²

2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci

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Buzağılarda göbek fıtıklarının onarımında greft kullanımıyla postoperatif ağrının varlığı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışma, farklı ırk ve cinsiyete ait, yaşları bir-üç aylık olan ve göbek fıtığı tanısı konulan 16 buzağı üzerinde yürütüldü. Fıtık delik çaplarına göre standardize edilen buzağılar rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup I'de (n=8) fıtık defektinin kenarları karşı karşıya getirilerek ayrı Lembert dikiş tekniği ile herniyorafi gerçekleştirildi. Grup II'de ise fıtık defekti polipropilen mesh ile kapatılarak herniyoplasti tamamlandı. Daha sonra üç farklı ağrı skalasına göre postoperatif iki, dört, sekiz ve 12. saatlerde buzağılar değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, başlangıç ve postoperatif iki, dört, sekiz ve 12. saatlerde vital değerlerin kayıtları alındı. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak Minitap-17 paket programında karşılaştırıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Grup I'de postoperatif dördüncü saat kalp frekansı ile diğer süreler arasında ve postoperatif dördüncü saatte her iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark belirlendi. Bunun yanısıra her üç ağrı skalası sonuçları postoperatif dördüncü saatte Grup I'de ağrı varlığını destekler nitelikte idi. S So on nu uç ç: : Buzağılarda yapılan herniyorafilerde karın duvarında oluşan gerginlik nedeni ile postoperatif ağrının şiddetlenebileceği ve bu nedenle ağrının kontrol altına alınması gerektiği ya da karın duvarındaki gerginliği azaltmak için greft kullanımının daha uygun olacağı kanısına varıldı. A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Göbek fıtığı; herniyorafi; greft; postoperatif ağrı; buzağı A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the use of grafts and the presence of postoperative pain in the repair of umbilical hernia in the calves. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : The study was carried out on 16 calves of different races, sexes and aged 1-3 months with a diagnosis of umbilical hernia. Calves that were standardized according to the hernia defect diameters were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I (n=8), herniorrhaphy was performed by facing the edges of the hernia with the separate Lembert suture technique on the hernia defect. In group II, herniorrhaphy was completed and covered with a polypropylene mesh to hernia defect. Afterwards, according to three different pain scales, calves were evaluated at postoperative 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. Records of vital values were also taken at baseline and at postoperative 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours. The data was statistically compared in the Minitap-17 package program. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : I In Group I, there was a statistically significant difference between the postoperative 4 th hour and the other periods in cardiac frequency, and at the postoperative 4 th hour between the both groups. In addition, results of all three pain scales supported the presence of pain in Group I at postoperative 4 th hour. C Co on nc cl lu...

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“…Pain disrupts sleep [66][67][68], decreases food and water intake [69,70], and reduces key behaviors such as grooming [71][72][73] and play [55,74,75]. Behaviors such as sleep, and food and water intake are essential to an animal's survival.…”

Section: Impacts Of Pain On Animal Behavior Production and Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Pain Is Still a Welfare Issue for Farm Animals, and How Facial Expression Could Be the Answer

McLennan

2018

Agriculture

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Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that significantly affects animal welfare and has negative impacts on the economics of farming. Pain is often associated with common production diseases such as lameness and mastitis, as well as introduced to the animal through routine husbandry practices such as castration and tail docking. Farm animals are prey species which tend not to overtly express pain or weakness, making recognizing and evaluating pain incredibly difficult. Current methods of pain assessment do not provide information on what the animal is experiencing at that moment in time, only that its experience is having a long term negative impact on its behavior and biological functioning. Measures that provide reliable information about the animals' affective state in that moment are urgently required; facial expression as a pain assessment tool has this ability. Automation of the detection and analysis of facial expression is currently in development, providing further incentive to use these methods in animal welfare assessment.

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Validation of the UNESP-Botucatu unidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cattle

Cited by 83 publications

References 54 publications

Behavioral and patho-physiological response as possible signs of pain in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis: A pilot study

Behavioral and patho-physiological response as possible signs of pain in dairy cows during Escherichia coli mastitis: A pilot study

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Graft Use on Postoperative Pain in the Repair of Umbilical Hernia in the Calves

Why Pain Is Still a Welfare Issue for Farm Animals, and How Facial Expression Could Be the Answer

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