Validation of three paediatric pain scores for use by parents

Wilson, George; Doyle, E. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14991.x

Cited by 100 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The markedly higher incidence of behavioural effects seen with 1 mg.kg-' of ketamine suggests that its effects may be produced after systemic absorption from the epidural space. The use of parents to assess pain and decide when to give analgesia using the OPS has been described and validated previously and shown to be comparable to pain assessments made by a doctor [9]. In summary, when ketamine is used to prolong the duration of caudal epidural blockade in children, doses of 0.5 mg.kg-' and 1 mg.kg-' are significantly more effective than 0.25mg.kg-'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At the time of recruitment, parents were instructed in the use of the modified Objective Pain Score (OPS) [I, 81 for the assessment of postoperative pain and the requirement for analgesia. This is an observational pain scoring system which has been validated for use by parents [9]. The score uses five criteria: crying, agitation, movement, posture and localisation of pain.…”

Section: M~t I I O D~mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children

et al. 1996

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Summary Sixty boys aged up to 9 years undergoing orchidopexy were randomly allocated to receive one of three solutions for caudal epidural injection: group A received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.25 mg. kg−1of preservative‐free ketamine, group B received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5mg. kg−1 and group C received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 mg. kg−1 of ketamine. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of a modified Objective Pain Score and analgesia was administered if this score exceeded four. The median duration of caudal analgesia was 7.9h in group A, 11 h in group B and 16.5 h in group C. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of motor block, urinary retention, postoperative vomiting or postoperative sedation. Group C had a significantly higher incidence of behavioural side effects, including slightly odd behaviour, vacant stares and abnormal effect than groups A and B.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: M~t I I O D~mentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children

et al. 1996

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“…Pediatric pain scores for use by parents have been previously found to be valid and to correlate well with scores given by a medical observer. 13,14 Parents did not seem to have difficulty learning to use the NRS and were in most cases readily able to give a number to describe their child's pain. Occasionally some prompting was required, which is also the authors' experience in using a ten-point NRS to assess adult patients' pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 Parents were instructed on the use of this scale prior to hospital discharge and were then contacted by a study investigator at 24 (± 4) hr postoperatively, at which time a scripted interview was conducted. An NRS score was recorded at 24 hr, and the worst NRS score was determined for the preceding 24 hr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dexamethasone on postoperative morbidity after dental rehabilitation in children

McIntyre

Hardcastle

Eng

et al. 2011

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose Dexamethasone reduces postoperative morbidity after adenotonsillectomy, strabismus surgery, and third molar extraction. Our hypothesis was that dexamethasone would reduce pain and other morbidity in children undergoing dental surgery for up to 24 hr postoperatively. Methods A triple-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was carried out on 200 children undergoing prolonged dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Subjects were randomized into two groups: group D, given dexamethasone 0.3 mgÁkg -1 ; group S, given normal saline. The primary outcome measure was pain over 24 hr as evaluated by a parental 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Key secondary outcomes included oral intake on a four-point scale at 24 hr and the overall incidence of postoperative vomiting (POV). Analysis for the primary outcome consisted of comparison of means in the NRS with the Wilcoxon rank sum test and for occurrence of POV with Fisher's test. Results After eliminating 22 subjects for protocol violations and withdrawals, 178 subjects were analyzed. There was no significant difference in pain scores (NRS) at 24 hr or the worst NRS experienced over the preceding 24 hr. There was no difference in the quality of oral intake between the groups. There was a significant difference in the percentage of patients who vomited during the first 24 hr: eight of 91 in group S and one of 87 in group D. Therefore, 7.74% more vomited in group S (P = 0.045), with a 95% confidence interval of 0.32 to15.16 for the difference in percentages. Conclusions Dexamethasone, 0.3 mgÁkg -1 , did not reduce pain over 24 hr in healthy children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. The quality of oral intake was also unaffected by dexamethasone at 24 hr. Dexamethasone did produce a significant reduction in postdischarge vomiting, beyond the incidence found with ondansetron alone. RésuméObjectif La dexame´thasone diminue la morbiditeṕ ostope´ratoire apre`s une intervention chirurgicale pour ade´no-amygdalectomie, strabisme et extraction de la troisie`me molaire. Nous avons formule´l'hypothe`se que la dexame´thasone pouvait diminuer la douleur et d'autres morbidite´s chez des enfants subissant une chirurgie dentaire jusqu'a`24 heures apre`s l'intervention. Méthodes Une e´tude randomise´e, contrôle´e, a`triple insu a e´te´mene´e chez 200 enfants subissant une restauration

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“…2) the parent's report of the participant's pain intensity using a Visual Analogue Scale-Pain (VAS-P) (alternatively, if participants are aged 8 years or over they will complete the VAS-P in lieu of the caregiver) [112]; 3) the nurse's observational rating of the participant's pain and distress using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale [113]; and 4) pulse and respiratory rates of the participant.. All four of these measures will be taken before and after dressing removal and before and after dressing application. Heart and respiratory rates will be recorded once at each time point to provide an objective measure of pain and distress in participants, as increases in these physiological measures have been shown to be indicative of pain and distress [47,52].…”

Section: Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

A holistic exploration of paediatric partial thickness burn care in the outpatient setting

Kee¹

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Validation of three paediatric pain scores for use by parents

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children

The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children

Effect of dexamethasone on postoperative morbidity after dental rehabilitation in children

A holistic exploration of paediatric partial thickness burn care in the outpatient setting

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