Validation of urinary excretion of cyclophosphamide as a biomarker of exposure by studying its renal clearance at high and low plasma concentrations in cancer patients

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide in urine can be continued to be used as a biomarker to monitor occupational exposure to CP, however the inter-individual variability of excretion of CP in urine, and its dependency on urine flow must be taken into consideration in future applications.

Hygienic guidance values for wipe sampling of antineoplastic drugs in Swedish hospitals

“…CP in the patients' urine are very high during the next days after administration. 42 For instance, we have measured CP concentrations in CP treated patients urine up to 12 days after administration. 42 The handling urine from patients such as measuring the amount of urine by weighing or measuring the volume might be done by the health care workers in e.g.…”

Environmental and biological monitoring of antineoplastic drugs in four workplaces in a Swedish hospital

“…The biomarkers, CP in urine and IF in urine, reXect the short-term exposures, since the half-lives of CP (5 h up to 60 h after uptake) and IF (4-6 h) are relatively short (Boddy and Yule 2000;Hedmer et al 2008).…”

“…Furthermore, the within-day and between-day precision was <9% for the wipe samples. For urine samples the LOD was determined to be 10 ng/l for CP and 30 ng/l for IF (Hedmer et al 2008).…”

“…The preparation and analysis of wipe and urine samples were performed according to the methods by Hedmer et al (2004Hedmer et al ( , 2005Hedmer et al ( , 2008. BrieXy, the samples were added with an internal standard 2 H 6 -labelled CP and extracted with ethyl acetate.…”

“…Methods for wipe sampling of CP and IF on surfaces and biological monitoring of CP and IF in urine have previously been developed (Hedmer et al 2004(Hedmer et al , 2005(Hedmer et al , 2008.…”