Validation procedure for final users applied to automotive environments

Anzaldi, Gabriel; Riu, Pere J.; Fernández, María Belén; Silva, F.

doi:10.1049/ic:20040110

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Measurements were done in the empty car (i.e., with no car occupants inside) at typically the driver and passengers' seats to assess compliance with exposure limits in the most critical positions, that is the positions occupied by car passengers. All experimental studies ( [62], [65]- [69], [80], [81]) but [64], measured the E-field: as such, for these former studies, the compliance with exposure limits can be assessed by comparing the measured E-field against the reference E-field level in [56] and [57]. Instead, the latter study [64] measured the SAR inside an anatomicallyrealistic adult human phantom that consisted of a fiberglass shell filled with a material of the same dielectric properties of the human muscle tissue.…”

Section: Methods For Rf Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Exposure to RF Electromagnetic Fields in the Connected Car

et al. 2022

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Future vehicles will be increasingly connected to enable new applications and improve safety, traffic efficiency and comfort, through the use of several wireless access technologies, ranging from vehicleto-everything (V2X) connectivity to automotive radar sensing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for intra-car wireless sensor networks. These technologies span the radiofrequency (RF) range, from a few hundred MHz as in intra-car network of sensors to hundreds of GHz as in automotive radars used for in-vehicle occupant detection and advanced driver assistance systems. Vehicle occupants and road users in the vicinity of the connected vehicle are thus daily immersed in a multi-source and multi-band electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by such technologies. This paper is the first comprehensive and specific survey about EMF exposure generated by the whole ensemble of connectivity technologies in cars.For each technology we describe the main characteristics, relevant standards, the application domain, and the typical deployment in modern cars. We then extensively characterize the EMF exposure scenarios resulting from such technologies by resuming and comparing the outcomes from past studies on the exposure in the car. Results from past studies suggested that in no case EMF exposure was above the safe limits for the general population. Finally, open challenges for a more realistic characterization of the EMF exposure scenario in the connected car are discussed.

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Section: Methods For Rf Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Exposure to RF Electromagnetic Fields in the Connected Car

et al. 2022

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“…Differences between calculations and measurements ranging from 5% to 9% were found. A complete description of the model and experimental setup can be found in [16], [17].…”

Section: A Validation Of the Electromagnetic Field Distribution Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second setup consisted of a single long copper wire (thin wire structure) radiating at 100 MHz placed inside the test prototype [17]. A grid of nine measurement points was established.…”

Section: A Validation Of the Electromagnetic Field Distribution Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more comprehensive explanation of the validation procedure and uncertainty assessment can be found in [17].…”

Section: A Validation Of the Electromagnetic Field Distribution Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two kinds of excitations were used, a resonant dipole and a long wire, and measurements of the field distribution and of the voltage coupled to a line were performed at 100 MHz and 1.8 GHz. The results obtained and the uncertainty assessment performed are thoroughly described in [16], [17] and will be briefly commented in Section III.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Initial Analysis of SAR From a Cell Phone Inside a Vehicle by Numerical Computation

Anzaldi

Silva

Fernández

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Abstract-The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the metallic structures of a realistic car body frame on the specific absorption rate (SAR) produced by a cell phone when a complete human body model is placed at different locations inside the vehicle, and to identify the relevant parameters responsible for these changes. The modeling and analysis of the whole system was conducted by means of computer simulations based on the full wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical method. The excitation considered was an 835 MHz 2 dipole located as a handsfree communication device or as a hand-held portable system. We compared the SAR at different planes on the human model, placed inside the vehicle with respect to the free space situation. The presence of the car body frame significantly changes the SAR distributions, especially when the dipole is far from the body. Although the results are not conclusive on this point, this change in SAR distribution is not likely to produce an increase above the limits in current guidelines for partial body exposure, but may be significant for whole-body exposure. The most relevant change found was the change in the impedance of the dipole, affecting the radiated power. A complementary result from the electromagnetic computations performed is the change in the electromagnetic field distribution inside a vehicle when human bodies are present. The whole vehicle model has been optimized to provide accurate results for sources placed inside the vehicle, while keeping low requirements for computer storage and simulation time.

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