Validity and prognostic utility of clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) score in children with autoimmune encephalitis

Panda, Prateek Kumar; Sharawat, Indar Kumar; Ramachandran, Aparna; Elwadhi, Aman; Tomar, Apurva; Bhardwaj, Sanjot; Murugan, Vignesh Kaniyappan; Rajendiran, Rajkali

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2022.09.009

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Five studies were specifically designed to develop, evaluate and/ or validate the CASE score. All of these were performed in an Asian population [5,[7][8][9][10]. Other aims include prognostication and risk prediction, correlation of outcome with paraclinical parameters, and therapeutic evaluation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) in a retrospective cohort and a systematic review

Soellradl,

von Oertzen,

Wagner

2024

Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) poses significant challenges in clinical management, requiring effective monitoring tools for therapeutic success and relapse detection. This study aims to assess the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) as compared to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in evaluating AE patients and to determine the real-world adoption of the CASE score. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 20 AE patients, assessing clinical data including symptomatology, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic regimens. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review on the test performance criteria and the real-world use of the CASE score. Results The CASE score showed a higher sensitivity in detecting clinical changes compared to the mRS, with a significant correlation between the two scales throughout the disease course (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). A systematic review of 150 articles revealed widespread adoption of the CASE score, especially in Asian populations, demonstrating high reliability and internal consistency. Discussion Despite limitations such as retrospective design and small sample size, our findings underscore the CASE score's utility in both clinical practice and research settings. The CASE score emerges as a valuable tool for monitoring AE patients, offering improved sensitivity over existing scales like the mRS. Further validation studies in diverse populations are warranted to establish its broader applicability and inform future therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) in a retrospective cohort and a systematic review

Soellradl,

von Oertzen,

Wagner

2024

Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The CASE score is a valuable assessment tool for capturing the big picture and assessing the severity and progression of symptoms. 22 The CASE score enables the recording of symptoms in more detail than the mRS score. 23 Intriguingly, our results did not necessarily substantiate the reported correlation between the CASE score and mRS being stronger in patients with a worse clinical condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF Findings in Chinese Patients with NMDAR, LGI1 and GABABR Antibody-Associated Encephalitis

Qiao,

Li,

Cui

et al. 2024

JIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CSF inflammation in subtypes of antibody-defined autoimmune encephalitis (AE) ranges in intensity from moderate to severe. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we characterized CSF findings in Chinese patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E), anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E), and anti-gamma aminobutyric acid-B receptor encephalitis (GABABR-E). Patients and Methods: The AE cases, including 102 NMDAR-E, 68LGI1-E and 15 GABABR-E, were included. CSF inflammatory parameters consisted primarily of CSF leukocytes, oligoclonal bands (OCBs), and CSF/serum albumin ratios (Q Alb ). Ten serum cytokines were evaluated in order to classify AE subtypes. Results: 88% of NMDAR-E, 80% of GABABR-E, and 51% of LGI1-E patients had aberrant CSF features. In NMDAR-E, the CSF leukocyte count, CSF protein concentration, and age-adjusted Q Alb were significantly higher than in LGI1-E, but did not differ from GABABR-E. Blood-CSF barrier dysfunction was less common in NMDAR-E patients with >40 years old. On admission, inflammatory CSF response was more prevalent in NMDAR-E patients with a higher CASE score. With age <60 years, CSF inflammatory changes were less frequent in LGI1-E patients, but more common in GABABR-E patients. MCP-1, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-4 were potential classifiers for NMDAR-E, LGI1-E, and GABABR-E, and correlated substantially with CSF leukocyte count and Q Alb . Conclusion: Subtype-specific patterns are formed by the various inflammatory CSF parameters in NMDAR-E, LGI1-E, and GABABR-E, and their correlation with disease severity, age, and disease duration. CSF inflammatory characteristics associated with MCP-1, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-4 may be potential immunopathogeneses targeting markers for these AE subtypes.

show abstract

Antipsychotics use in autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis: Impact on hospitalization duration

Panda,

Sharawat

2024

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Validity and prognostic utility of clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) score in children with autoimmune encephalitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) in a retrospective cohort and a systematic review

Evaluation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) in a retrospective cohort and a systematic review

CSF Findings in Chinese Patients with NMDAR, LGI1 and GABABR Antibody-Associated Encephalitis

Antipsychotics use in autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis: Impact on hospitalization duration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About