Validity and reliability of a Malay version of the brief illness perception questionnaire for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BackgroundIllness perceptions involve the personal beliefs that patients have about their illness and may influence health behaviours considerably. Since an instrument to measure these perceptions for Malay population in Malaysia is lacking, we translated and examined the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (MBIPQ) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe MBIPQ has nine items, all use a 0–10 response scale, except the ninth item about causal factors, which is an open-ended item. A standard procedure was used to translate and adapt the English BIPQ into Malay language. Construct validity was examined comparing item scores and scores on the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale, HbA1c and the presence of complications. In addition, 2-week and 4-week test-retest reliability were studied.ResultsA total of 312 patients completed the MBIPQ. Out of this, 97 and 215 patients completed the 2- or 4-weeks test-retest reliability questionnaire, respectively. Moderate inter-items correlations were observed between illness perception dimensions (r = −0.31 to 0.53). MBIPQ items showed the expected correlations with self-efficacy (r = 0.35), medication adherence (r = 0.29), quality of life (r = −0.17 to 0.31) and depressive symptoms (r = −0.18 to 0.21). People with severe diabetes-related distress also were more concern (t-test = 4.01, p < 0.001) and experienced lower personal control (t-test = 2.07, p = 0.031). People with any diabetes-related complication perceived the consequences as more serious (t-test = 2.04, p = 0.044). The 2-week and 4-week test-retest reliabilities varied between ICCagreement 0.39 to 0.70 and 0.58 to 0.78, respectively.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties of items in the MBIPQ are moderate. The MBIPQ showed good cross-cultural validity and moderate construct validity. Test-retest reliability was moderate. Despite the moderate psychometric properties, the MBIPQ may be useful in clinical practice as it is a useful instrument to elicit and communicate on patient’s personal thoughts and feelings. Future research is needed to establish its responsiveness and predictive validity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02730754 registered on March 29, 2016; NCT02730078 registered on March 29, 2016.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0394-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Factors influencing self‐management behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Solomon Islands

“…Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that illness perception had a significant influence on overall total SM as well as on communication with HCPs, problem‐solving, self‐integration and SMBG. Thus, illness perception was positively associated with overall SM and its dimensions, which echoes the findings of Chew et al () and Figueiras and Alves () that patients with threatening illness perception had better SM behaviour. However, this finding contradicts that of a study on T2DM (Kugbey et al, ) that persons who perceived their diabetes as more life‐threatening tended to participate in fewer self‐care practices.…”

“…Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that illness perception had a significant influence on overall total SM as well as on communication with HCPs, problem-solving, self-integration and SMBG. Thus, illness perception was positively associated with overall SM and its dimensions, which echoes the findings of Chew et al (2017)…”

The effectiveness of an emotion‐focused educational programme in reducing diabetes distress in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (VEMOFIT): a cluster randomized controlled trial

“…Scores range from 0 to 27 and are classified as minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe depressive symptoms (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) [16,17]. Scores range from 0 to 27 and are classified as minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe depressive symptoms (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) [16,17].…”

“…The validated Malay Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (MBIPQ) [18] has nine items that provide simple and rapid assessment of illness perceptions. It measures participants' cognitive and emotional representations of their illness, including consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity, concern, understanding, emotional response and causes.…”

“…The PHQ-9 evaluates depressive symptoms and grades the severity of depression. Scores range from 0 to 27 and are classified as minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe depressive symptoms (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) [16,17].…”