Validity and reliability of isometric muscle strength measurements of hip abduction and abduction with external hip rotation in a bent-hip position using a handheld dynamometer with a belt

Aramaki, Hidefumi; Katoh, Munenori; Hiiragi, Yukinobu; Kawasaki, Tsubasa; Kurihara, Tomohisa; Ohmi, Yorikatsu

doi:10.1589/jpts.28.2123

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The test-retest reliability of HHD-technique 2 (ICC3.1 agreement 0.96–0.97) was similar as previously reported HHD test-retest reliability (ICC 0.74–0.98) [ 17 , 22 , 24 , 25 ] and intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.81–0.96) [ 18 – 21 , 26 , 27 ] of hip abduction strength measurements. The inter-rater reliability of HHD-technique 2 (ICC2.1 agreement 0.92) was better than outcomes reported in previous studies (ICC 0.58–0.88) [ 18 , 20 , 23 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Aramaki et al [17] found a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.82 in healthy young adults. Hebert et al [18] found an ICC3.1 of 0.69 in healthy adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various measurement techniques to evaluate hip abduction strength using a HHD are described in the current literature [ 17 – 27 ]. None of these measurement techniques is suitable for individuals with a transfemoral amputation because of the positioning of the HHD in relation to the absence of a knee or ankle joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of these measurement techniques is suitable for individuals with a transfemoral amputation because of the positioning of the HHD in relation to the absence of a knee or ankle joint. The main variations in execution are characterised by: 1) the participants’ position (side-lying or supine position), 2) the position of the HHD (slightly proximal to the edge of the lateral femoral condyle or the lateral malleolus, respectively), 3) the use of additional fixation-belts, 4) the type of resistance technique used (‘break-technique’ or ‘make-technique’), 5) the use of additional portable devices to stabilise the HHD [ 17 – 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinimetric properties of hip abduction strength measurements obtained using a handheld dynamometer in individuals with a lower extremity amputation

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSuitable handheld dynamometer (HHD)-techniques to test hip abduction strength in individuals with a lower extremity amputation, irrespective of their amputation level are absent. The aim of this study was to optimise a HHD-technique and to test its reproducibility and validity.MethodsThis study involved three phases, in which two techniques were evaluated. Both HHD-techniques used a lever-arm of 22 centimetre. HHD-technique 1 used a break-technique. After obtaining within-session test-retest reproducibility (phase 1) we optimised the HHD-technique by adding a fixation-belt and using a make-technique (HHD-technique 2). We tested the within-session test-retest and inter-rater reproducibility (phase 2) and the validity (phase 3) of HHD-technique 2 using an isokinetic dynamometer. New cohorts of participants were recruited for each phase.ResultsPhase 1: we tested HHD-technique 1 in 26 participants with a lower extremity amputation. It was test-retest reproducible (ICC3.1agreement: 0.80–0.92, standard error of measurement (SEM): 3.1–4.4 Nm and smallest detectable change (SDC): 8.6–12.3 Nm). There were questions regarding the validity of the measurement, because the mean muscle torque of the residual limb and sound limb were similar, which is uncommon. Phase 2: reproducibility of HHD-technique 2 was tested in 44 participants with a lower extremity amputation. It was test-retest reproducible (ICC3.1agreement: 0.96–0.97, SEM: 3.9–4.7 Nm and SDC: 10.9–12.9 Nm) but not inter-rater reproducible despite having good reliability (ICC3.1agreement: 0.92, SEM: 6.9–7.6 Nm and SDC: 19.2–21.2 Nm). Systematic bias and bias related to the magnitude of the muscle torque was suspected. Phase 3: the concurrent validity was established in 30 healthy participants (r = 0.84). Systematic bias in measurement error was present, including a consistent overestimation of the muscle torque of 28% using the HHD.ConclusionHHD-technique 2 is a test-retest reproducible and valid measuring technique The technique may be further optimised by the use of an external device to stabilise the HHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Aramaki et al [17] found a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.82 in healthy young adults. Hebert et al [18] found an ICC3.1 of 0.69 in healthy adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinimetric properties of hip abduction strength measurements obtained using a handheld dynamometer in individuals with a lower extremity amputation

et al. 2017

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“…Handheld dynamometry (HHD) is another reliable and valid measure that allows quantification of manual muscle tests. [37][38][39][40][41] The relatively low cost and ease of use offers a more efficient manner to collect force data in a clinical setting. Both of the aforementioned methods assess force in nonweight-bearing positions in a single plane of motion to despite the fact that during weightbearing, hip muscles are responsible for postural and pelvic stability in addition to simply moving the legs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force and EMG Comparison between a weight-bearing clinical assessment of hip strength assessment and non-weightbearing tasks

Sigmund¹,

Earl-Boehm²

2020

JSMAHS

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Purpose: Altered hip strength is a risk factor for lower extremity injury but its relationship to biomechanical dysfunction is debated. Hip strength assessment methods are criticized for using unidirectional, non-weight-bearing positions which may not be representative of athletic activity and may affect comparison to biomechanical analysis of athletic tasks. A weight-bearing task may better represent hip muscle function during these movements. The aim of this study was to identify EMG and force differences for a clinical weight-bearing method of hip strength (the squat-hold) to traditional non-weight-bearing maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) for hip abduction, extension, and external rotation. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (23 female, 6 male; 23.3±5.8 years) performed the squat-hold, sidelying abduction, prone extension, and seated hip external rotation MVICs. The squat-hold was performed by exerting a bilateral, maximal force against a rigid strap encircling both knees in a semi-squatted position. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded peak activation of the gluteus medius (GMed), gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fascia lata (TFL) and a handheld dynamometer simultaneously measured force during all tasks. Peak activation was compared between the squat-hold and each MVIC using paired t-tests. Force was compared across tasks using a one-way ANOVA. Results: Greater force was observed during the squat-hold than the external rotation MVIC, but abduction and extension MVICs yielded greater force than the squat-hold. GMax activation was higher during the squat-hold than the external rotation task. TFL activation was higher during the abduction MVIC than the squat-hold but GMed activation was similar across tasks. Peak GMax activation was similar between the extension MVIC and squat-hold. Conclusions: Squat-hold force may have been reduced due to altered gluteal moment arms, which affected the length-tension relationship. Clinicians should consider the squat-hold as an alternative assessment of external rotation force, but should continue to assess abduction and extension force with MVICs. Researchers should examine positions optimizing length-tension relationships to better relate motor function and movement patterns.

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Hand-held dynamometer identifies asymmetries in torque of the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Almeida

Albano²,

Melo³

2018

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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Purpose To verify the validity and diagnostic accuracy of the hand‐held dynamometer (HHD) with the isokinetic dynamometer for evaluating the quadriceps strength of subjects who have undergone ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Methods This validity and diagnostic accuracy study was conducted prospectively by examining 70 consecutive participants who had undergone ACLR at least 6 months previously. All participants performed strength evaluation of the quadriceps muscle using the HHD and isokinetic dynamometer. Results The HHD presented high test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.98], moderate to good validity with the isokinetic dynamometer when compared for the quadriceps strength (r = 0.62), 100% perfect specificity [LR + infinity, 95% confidence interval (CI) 81.4%–100%] to identify those with LSI > 10%, and a sensitivity of 63.4% (48.9%–76.3%). Conclusion The HHD is an instrument valid and reliable of low cost and easy handling compared to the isokinetic dynamometer to evaluate the quadriceps torque and the limb symmetry index after the ACLR with high diagnostic accuracy. Level of evidence I.

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Validity and reliability of isometric muscle strength measurements of hip abduction and abduction with external hip rotation in a bent-hip position using a handheld dynamometer with a belt

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Clinimetric properties of hip abduction strength measurements obtained using a handheld dynamometer in individuals with a lower extremity amputation

Clinimetric properties of hip abduction strength measurements obtained using a handheld dynamometer in individuals with a lower extremity amputation

Force and EMG Comparison between a weight-bearing clinical assessment of hip strength assessment and non-weightbearing tasks

Hand-held dynamometer identifies asymmetries in torque of the quadriceps muscle after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

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