Validity and Reliability of Rule Orientation Scale among Romanian Physicians—A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Legal compliance is influenced by several factors, including individuals’ attitudes about when breaking the law may be acceptable or justifiable. The rule orientation scale provides a measurement capable of predicting an individual’s offensive behavior, regardless of the legal punishment. The current research is the first that aims to evaluate the construct validity of the translated Romanian version of the rule orientation scale. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online among Romanian physicians in Dolj County. A 12-item questionnaire previously validated in the United States was used for this study. Results: A total of 69 physicians responded to the survey with a mean age of 38.53 ± 8.28 and an average experience of 10.49 ± 8.27 years. Physicians were prone to adhere to the law and found only a few instances when legal breaches were acceptable. Nonetheless, they deemed it permissible to violate the law when they did not know its content. These attitudes were not affected by respondents’ ages, genders, numbers of years in practice, industries, or specialties. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.925). Conclusions: The rule orientation scale validated in the Romanian language can be used to determine conditions under which individuals find it acceptable to break the law.

Validity and Reliability of the Pfizer Booster Vaccine Effectiveness Questionnaire

“…It is particularly valuable in situations where research is scarce, ethical or logistical challenges exist, or when available evidence presents conflicting information (Nasa et al, 2021). Delphi panels are typically formed through a purposive or convenience sampling approach, which involves selecting experts based on specific qualifications (Plaiasu et al, 2023). In consensus methods, there are not strict guidelines regarding the inclusion of participants, except that each participant should be considered an expert in the relevant subject matter and be representative of their profession.…”