Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBiTS)

Measurement and conceptualization of maternal PTSD following childbirth: Psychometric properties of the City Birth Trauma Scale—French Version (City BiTS-F).

“…In the current study, the two-factor model composed of the birth-related symptoms and general symptoms factors was fitting well the data, according to all fit indices. This two-factor solution corresponds with the structure of the original scale (Ayers et al, 2018) and other validation studies of the City BiTS questionnaire (Bayrı Bingöl et al, 2020;Caparros-Gonzalez et al, 2021;Handelzalts et al, 2018;Nakić Radoš et al, 2020). However, aligned with the Croatian validation study (Nakić Radoš et al, 2020), a bifactor model, with a general factor and two specific factors of birth-related symptoms and general symptoms provided a best fit to the data.…”

“…The City BiTS was subsequently validated in other languages, notably in Hebrew (Handelzalts et al, 2018); in Croatian (Nakić Radoš et al, 2020); in Spanish (Caparros-Gonzalez et al, 2021); and in Turkish (Bayrı Bingöl et al, 2020). All four studies confirmed the two-factor structure (Bayrı Bingöl et al, 2020; Caparros-Gonzalez et al, 2021; Handelzalts et al, 2018; Nakić Radoš et al, 2020). Moreover, an excellent data fit emerged with a bifactor model with the general factor and two specific factors of the birth-related symptoms and general symptoms, indicating that subscale scores bring additional value to the City BiTS total score (Nakić Radoš et al, 2020).…”

The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review

“…Regarding the reported mode of birth in the included studies, four studies examined one mode of birth, i.e., vaginal birth [ 36 , 54 , 55 ] or emergency caesarean section (emergency CS) [ 56 ], whereas two studies examined two modes of birth, i.e., vaginal birth and caesarean section (CS) [ 22 , 57 ]. Six studies differentiated between vaginal birth, operative vaginal birth and CS [ 37 , 38 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], whereas three studies differentiated between vaginal birth, elective caesarean section (elective CS) and emergency CS [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Eleven studies distinguished between vaginal birth, operative vaginal birth, elective CS and emergency CS [ 18 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

“…Some were based on the DSM-IV criteria, including the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) [ 9 , 22 , 38 , 57 , 59 ], PTSD Symptom Scale—self report (PSS-SR) [ 4 , 18 , 68 ], Traumatic Event Scale (TES) [ 36 , 60 , 61 , 66 ], Impact of Event Scale (IES) [ 36 , 58 , 67 ], Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) [ 65 ], Post-traumatic checklist scale (PCLS) [ 56 ], and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD-IV) [ 70 ]. The City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBits) [ 62 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 74 ], PTSD-short scale [ 54 ] and Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) [ 37 , 55 , 73 , 75 ] were based on the DSM-V criteria.…”

“…Five studies administered the questionnaires during an interview with assistance from a healthcare professional [ 4 , 9 , 54 , 58 , 62 ], while 20 studies administered self-report questionnaires sent by postal mail, e-mail or online survey [ 18 , 22 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 73 , 75 ].…”