Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Normalization MeAsure Development(NoMAD)

Abstract

Background The Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) is a brief quantitative tool based on the Normalization Process Theory (NPT), which can measure the implementation process of new technologies and complex interventions. The aim of our study was to translate and culturally adapt the NoMAD into Chinese, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of NoMAD. Methods According to the NoMAD translation guideline, we undertook forward translation, backward translation, and compared these translations to get a satisfactory result, then we performed cognitive interviews to achieve cross-culture adaptation. And the psychometric properties of the final version were evaluated among clinical nurses who used the pressure injuries management system via WeChat mini-program at a tertiary hospital in northwestern China. Results A total of 258 nurses were enrolled in our study, and the response rate was 92.1%. The Cronbach’s alpha of four dimensions were as follow: Coherence (0.768), Cognitive Participation (0.904), Collective Action (0.820), and Reflexive Monitoring (0.808). The overall internal consistency was 0.941. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed a good fit for its theoretical structure (CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.0079, SRMSR = 0.046, χ2/df = 2.61). The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.857 to 1, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.95. There were positive correlations between four constructs scores and three general normalization scores. Conclusions The Chinese version of NoMAD is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the implementation process of innovations.

Psychometric properties of two implementation measures: Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaire (NoMAD) and organizational readiness for implementing change (ORIC)

“…For the NoMAD, findings were similar to other studies in a variety of settings and languages: English nursing, sport and behavioral health care (Finch et al, 2018), Chinese nursing and injury health care ( Jiang et al, 2022 ), Brazilian Portuguese HIV/AIDS clinical monitoring ( Loch et al, 2020 ), Swedish post-discharge collaborative care planning ( Elf et al, 2018 ), German prevention, primary care, and mental health care settings (Freund et al, 2023), and Dutch specialized and primary mental health care (Vis et al, 2019). Although all studies found acceptable internal consistency and factor structures, most suggested changing or omitting specific items.…”

“…NoMAD underwent a thorough development process (Rapley et al, 2018) and its conceptual and internal validity have been studied and confirmed in various settings ( Elf et al, 2018 ; Vis et al, 2019; Finch et al, 2018; Jiang et al, 2022 ; Loch et al, 2020 ; Freund et al, 2023). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed the model to approximate the data acceptably.…”

Validation of the German Normalization Process Theory Measure G-NoMAD: Translation, Adaptation, and Pilot Testing

“…The current version of the NoMAD compares also favourably with regard to internal consistency and construct correlation against other translations of the measure into Dutch (17), Swedish (18), Brazilian Portuguese (19), and Chinese (20). In the Dutch NoMAD validation study (17), the four-factor model showed the best t with the observed data.…”

“…Since its development, the NoMAD has been translated from the English original and used in multiple languages across different cuntries, settings, and studies (17)(18)(19)(20). The current study aimed to review several German translations and pilot applications, to validate the instrument and to publish an o cial German-language version of the NoMAD questionnaire for research and practice purposes.…”

The left temporal transverse cortex is affected by poor sleep quality, which in turn contributes to depressive symptoms in older adults

“…All of the above scales used by us were all translated versions, and the process of translating them into Chinese was as follows [ [ 32 , 33 ]]: interpretation, cross-cultural adjustment, trial run, and psychometric examination. Phase 1 interpretation: the forward translation process is done by two bilinguals (native Chinese speakers), and the reverse translation is done by two native English speakers who have not seen the original materials and tools.…”