Validity of Axial Length Measurements for Monitoring Myopic Progression in Orthokeratology

Cheung, Sin‐Wan; Cho, Pauline

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10434

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Flow chart of studies during meta-analysis was shown in Figure 1. All of the included studies investigated the CCT change after overnight OK for at least 1 day.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta-analysis of Central Corneal Thickness Changes With Overnight Orthokeratology

Jiang

Peng³

et al. 2016

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Cheung et al 16 found that CCT reduced significantly by 2969 mm using Pentecam, an anterior segment tomography. Ishida et al 17 also found significant CCT reduction from baseline (536.2639.6 mm) to (528.3640.0 mm) in 6 months with SP-3000 pachymeter.…”

Section: Change In Cct Between Baseline and 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-analysis of Central Corneal Thickness Changes With Overnight Orthokeratology

Jiang

Peng³

et al. 2016

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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“…Similar to spectacles and contact lenses, Ortho-K creates sharp focus on the central area of the retina (macula and peri-macular area). But, peripheral to the macular area, while spectacle and contact lens correction creates relative peripheral hyperopia, Ortho-K creates relative peripheral myopia [51][52][53][54][55][56]. This relative peripheral myopic defocus inhibits the signaling for the eye to elongate [50].…”

Section: How Ortho-k Slows Myopic Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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Purpose: To evaluate axial length measurements obtained over a three-year period in children undergoing Orthokeratology (Ortho-K).Methods: Patient records were identified from a specialty contact lens practice. Data were obtained from myopic patients who were prescribed Ortho-K wear. Demographic data at baseline included age at commencement of Ortho-K and ethnicity. Clinical data recorded at baseline and at years 1, 2 and 3 included subjective refraction, corneal topography, corneal curvature, axial length, pupil size, and lens design, changes in lens parameters, lens wear habits, wearing time and unaided visual acuity. The primary outcome measure was change in axial length during the study period.Results: 194 eyes of 97 subjects were included in data analysis. Mean age at start of Ortho-K was 10.4 years (SD=1.9). Mean axial length was 24.59 mm (SD=0.85) at baseline and 24.87 mm (SD=0.87) at the three year evaluation, for a mean change in axial length of 0.28 mm (SD=0.64). 65.5% of eyes (n=127) showed little or no change (<0.5 mm) in axial length during the study period. 20.1% of eyes (n=39) showed moderate increase in axial length of 0.5-1.0 mm and14.4% of eyes (n=28) showed >1.0 mm increase in axial length during the 3-year study period. Linear mixed regression analysis showed a significant association between older age at initiation of Ortho-K and less increase in axial length (p=0.0077). Axial length changes were not associated with duration of wear (both hours/night and nights/week) or baseline corneal curvature. Conclusion:Use of Ortho-K may help reduce axial length elongation in myopic eyes. Age of the initial treatment is a key factor. The baseline of cornea curvature and duration of the wear are not directly associated with treatment outcome. Of note, during the three-year study, 65.5% of treated eyes (n=127) showed a minimal or clinically insignificant increase of axial length (<0.5mm). Early treatment should be considered.

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“…17 Various studies on the efficacy of Ortho-K have been reported. 69,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77] In 2005, the Longitudinal Orthokeratology Research in Children (LORIC) study compared the axis length of 35 children (7-12 years) who wore Ortho-K lenses for a year with a historical cohort of children who had monofocal glasses and found a 54% decrease in the progression of axis length in the Ortho-K group (0.29 vs 0.54 mm). Other clinical studies reported a reduction between 32-55%.…”

Section: Orthokeratologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia management in the Netherlands

Klaver

Polling

2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose A trend that myopia is becoming gradually more common is shown in studies worldwide. Highest frequencies have been found in East Asian urban populations (96.5%) but also a study in Europe shows that nearly half of the 25‐29 year olds has myopia. With the increase in prevalence, high myopia, i.e. a spherical equivalent of ‐6 or more and an axial length of 26 mm or more is also on the rise. High myopia particularly carries a significant risk of ocular pathology related to the long axial length. This highlights the need for myopia management in children with progressive myopia, in particular progression to high myopia. Recent findings During the last decade, many intervention studies for myopia progression have emerged. Although lifestyle adjustments are effective, pharmacological and optical interventions have shown the highest efficacy on reduction of eye growth. High concentration atropine (0.5%‐1.0%) shows the most reduction in axial length progression, but has drawbacks of light sensitivity and loss of accommodation. Nevertheless, when these side effects are mitigated by multifocal photochromatic glasses, the long‐term adherence to high dose atropine is high. Lower concentrations of atropine are less effective, but have less side effects. Studies on optical interventions have reported reduction of progression for Ortho‐K and multifocal contact lenses, but are in need for replication in larger studies with longer duration. Summary The field of myopia management is rapidly evolving, and a position on the best approach for daily clinics is desirable. Over the last 10 years, our team of clinical researchers has developed a strategy which involves decision‐making based on age, axial length, position on the axial length growth chart, progression rate, risk of high myopia, risk profile based on lifestyle and familial risk, side effects, and individual preference. This personalised approach ensures the most optimal long‐term myopia control, and helps fight against visual impairment and blindness in the next generations of elderly.

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Validity of Axial Length Measurements for Monitoring Myopic Progression in Orthokeratology

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

A Meta-analysis of Central Corneal Thickness Changes With Overnight Orthokeratology

A Meta-analysis of Central Corneal Thickness Changes With Overnight Orthokeratology

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Myopia management in the Netherlands

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