“…The dominant agreement in the literature on energy and the environment is that EG is the fundamental determinant of environmental quality and should thus be given top priority. The Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis delivers a theoretical foundation for this collection of information [ 16 ]. According to this view, the primary factor behind CO 2 emissions is economic expansion, which arises from the abuse of NRS and an excessive dependence on polluting energy sources.…”