Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across gender and race/ethnicity

Barnes, Ashlee R.; Campbell, Nordia A.; Anderson, Valerie R.; Campbell, Christina; Onifade, Eyitayo; Davidson, William S.

doi:10.1080/10509674.2015.1107004

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Further, while NCAR predicted recidivism (measured as new adjudication) moderately well for both Black and White youth, it underpredicted Black youths’ recidivism. Conversely, studies conducted by Barnes et al (2015) on the YLS/CMI and Baglivio and Jackowski (2012) on the Positive Change Achievement Tool found no substantive differences in the predictive validity of a juvenile receiving a new petition across race classifications. Thus, based on previous research, there appears to be some inconsistencies concerning the extent to which risk assessments can remain equitable across racial groups.…”

Section: Predictive Validity Of Risk Assessment By Race and Gendermentioning

confidence: 87%

“…On the other hand, there still remains studies that are promising concerning the extent to which risk assessments can remain gender neutral and equitable across male and female offenders. For example, studies have found no substantial differences in the predictive validity of risk assessments across gender (Baglivio & Jackowski, 2012; Barnes et al, 2015). In fact, two recent meta-analyses suggest that risk assessments are significant measure of recidivism regardless of gender (Pusch & Holtfreter, 2018; Schwalbe, 2008).…”

Section: Predictive Validity Of Risk Assessment By Race and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences

Campbell

D’Amato

Papp

2019

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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The Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) is a juvenile risk assessment that is used in numerous states and jurisdictions to assess criminogenic risk of juvenile offenders. Still, there is little published research on the predictive validity of the tool. The purpose of the current study was to examine the predictive validity of OYAS-DIS, with a specific focus on understanding prediction of recidivism across racial and gender subgroups. The sample consisted of 4,383 youth that received a court petition in a single large Midwestern county juvenile court. The findings indicated that the OYAS-DIS was a statistically significant predictor of recidivism across all racial and gender subgroups. However, there was statistically significant variation in predictive validity across subgroups. For instance, the tool was a statistically significantly better predictor of recidivism for White males as compared to Black male youth. There was also statistically significant variation in the predictive validity of certain domains (e.g., juvenile justice history) on the OYAS-DIS across racial and gender subgroups. Implications of research favor the use of the OYAS-DIS to predict recidivism for adjudicated juveniles.

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Section: Predictive Validity Of Risk Assessment By Race and Gendermentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Predictive Validity Of Risk Assessment By Race and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences

Campbell

D’Amato

Papp

2019

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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“…One of the novelties of this study is the use of the younger offender characteristics in the moment of the arrest. The variables of the younger in the moment of the arrest should be taken into account as a reference point for the establishment of the prevention/rehabilitation programs [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Risk and Protective Factors in Recidivist Juvenile Offenders: A Decision Tree Approach

et al. 2016

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Research on juvenile justice aims to identify profiles of risk and protective factors in juvenile offenders. This paper presents a study of profiles of risk factors that influence young offenders toward committing sanctionable antisocial behavior (S-ASB). Decision tree analysis is used as a multivariate approach to the phenomenon of repeated sanctionable antisocial behavior in juvenile offenders in Spain. The study sample was made up of the set of juveniles who were charged in a court case in the Juvenile Court of Almeria (Spain). The period of study of recidivism was two years from the baseline. The object of study is presented, through the implementation of a decision tree. Two profiles of risk and protective factors are found. Risk factors associated with higher rates of recidivism are antisocial peers, age at baseline S-ASB, problems in school and criminality in family members.

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“…Just as trauma histories are more likely to increase a girl's likelihood of being involved in the juvenile justice system, there may be factors that are more likely to lead racial/ethnic minority youth to become involved in the justice system as compared with their White counterparts (Onifade et al, 2009). Therefore, missing components that go unmeasured in a risk assessment that are relevant for certain groups of youth would create interaction between race and the risk of those youth, compared with other groups of youth (Baglivio and Jackowski, 2013;Barnes et al, 2015;Onifade et al, 2009;Schwalbe et al, 2006;Thompson and McGrath, 2012).…”

Section: Race Gender and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice

Campbell

Papp

Barnes

et al. 2018

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary In this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on risk for recidivism. We used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic risk among a sample of delinquent youth. The results of multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant interaction between race, gender, and risk score when predicting recidivism. The findings indicated that the slope of the relationship between risk score and recidivism differed significantly for Black youth as compared with White youth and that this interaction was even more pronounced for the subsample of males. These findings suggest that there may be social or other policy/enforcement‐related factors that increase risk for recidivism for Black youth. Policy Implications We found that although there were no differences in overall risk score across White and Black youth, Black males were at increased risk for future recidivism. These findings should inform practice and policies in four primary ways. First, court practitioners, like juvenile court officers and judges, should pay special attention to responsivity factors that may minimize barriers to treatment and success. Second, court officers and service providers should implement policies that require tracking how risk assessment information is used in the decision‐making process. Third, the use of reassessments to monitor changes in dynamic criminogenic risk is necessary. Finally, future research should be aimed at investigating the extent to which policies, practices, and enforcement moderate the validity of risk assessment tools across race and gender.

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Validity of initial, exit, and dynamic juvenile risk assessment: An examination across gender and race/ethnicity

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences

Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences

Identifying Risk and Protective Factors in Recidivist Juvenile Offenders: A Decision Tree Approach

Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice

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