Validity of Micro-Data Loggers to Determine Walking Activity of Turkeys and Effects on Turkey Gait

Stevenson, R.; Dalton, Hillary A.; Erasmus, Marisa A.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00319

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several technologies for objective gait assessment have been introduced over the years. These technologies include pressuresensitive walkways (PSW) (Nääs et al, 2010;Paxton et al, 2013;Oviedo-Rondón et al, 2017;Kremer et al, 2018;Stevenson et al, 2019), rotarods (Malchow et al, 2019), video analysis (Abourachid, 1991(Abourachid, , 2001Caplen et al, 2012;Paxton et al, 2013;Oviedo-Rondón et al, 2017), accelerometers (Stevenson et al, 2019), and inertial measurement units (IMUs; provide 3D accelerometer, gyroscope, and, occasionally, magnetometer data) (Bouwman et al, 2020). The on-farm application of the sensor technologies is limited due to equipment costs (PSW), habituation requirements (PSW, accelerometers, IMUs), or increased animal handling (rotarod, accelerometers, and IMUs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Across-Species Pose Estimation in Poultry Based on Images Using Deep Learning

et al. 2021

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Animal pose-estimation networks enable automated estimation of key body points in images or videos. This enables animal breeders to collect pose information repeatedly on a large number of animals. However, the success of pose-estimation networks depends in part on the availability of data to learn the representation of key body points. Especially with animals, data collection is not always easy, and data annotation is laborious and time-consuming. The available data is therefore often limited, but data from other species might be useful, either by itself or in combination with the target species. In this study, the across-species performance of animal pose-estimation networks and the performance of an animal pose-estimation network trained on multi-species data (turkeys and broilers) were investigated. Broilers and turkeys were video recorded during a walkway test representative of the situation in practice. Two single-species and one multi-species model were trained by using DeepLabCut and tested on two single-species test sets. Overall, the within-species models outperformed the multi-species model, and the models applied across species, as shown by a lower raw pixel error, normalized pixel error, and higher percentage of keypoints remaining (PKR). The multi-species model had slightly higher errors with a lower PKR than the within-species models but had less than half the number of annotated frames available from each species. Compared to the single-species broiler model, the multi-species model achieved lower errors for the head, left foot, and right knee keypoints, although with a lower PKR. Across species, keypoint predictions resulted in high errors and low to moderate PKRs and are unlikely to be of direct use for pose and gait assessments. A multi-species model may reduce annotation needs without a large impact on performance for pose assessment, however, with the recommendation to only be used if the species are comparable. If a single-species model exists it could be used as a pre-trained model for training a new model, and possibly require a limited amount of new data. Future studies should investigate the accuracy needed for pose and gait assessments and estimate genetic parameters for the new phenotypes before pose-estimation networks can be applied in practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Across-Species Pose Estimation in Poultry Based on Images Using Deep Learning

et al. 2021

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“…Comparison of GS results among studies can be difficult, if not impossible, because of inherent human errors and variations in assessment protocols. Therefore, precision production technologies, e.g., motion sensors (Stevenson et al, 2019) and video monitoring systems (Aydin et al, Table 3. Normalized litter moisture content (LMC) in treatment rooms over the production cycle.…”

Section: Welfare Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated Platform and Robotic Vehicle on Broiler Production, Welfare, and Housing Environment

Yang¹,

Huo²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Transactions of the ASABE

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HighlightsUsing an elevated platform with a manure catcher reduced litter moisture content and ammonia concentration.A robotic vehicle encouraged bird movement and use of the elevated platform.Using the elevated platform and robotic vehicle jointly improved broiler paw quality and plumage cleanliness.Abstract. Elevated platform (EP) and robotic vehicle (RV) are two emerging systems aiming to improve environment enrichment and bird activity in broiler housing systems. However, the impacts of these systems on broiler production, welfare, and housing environment have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using EP and RV individually or jointly on broiler feed conversion ratio (FCR), litter moisture content (LMC), ammonia (NH3) concentration, gait score (GS), paw quality (PQ), plumage cleanliness (PC), and bird activity index (AI). Broilers were reared for eight-week production cycles. Four experimental rooms (54 birds room-1) were randomly assigned four treatments: EP only, RV only, EP and RV (EP+RV), and neither EP nor RV (Ctrl). Broiler GS, PQ, and PC were assessed following welfare protocols. Bird AI was determined through image processing. The experiment was repeated three times. The results showed that overall FCR values were 1.806 for EP, 1.804 for RV, 1.797 for EP+RV, and 1.791 for Ctrl. The normalized LMC values were 23.2% ±4.1% for EP, 32.8% ±4.1% for RV, 23.4% ±2.5% for EP+RV, and 35.7% ±7.0% for Ctrl over the eight-week production cycles. NH3 concentrations were 40% lower in the rooms with EP than in the rooms without EP at the end of the production cycle. Broilers had better PQ in the rooms with EP than in the rooms without EP. Broiler PC seemed better in the rooms with RV compared to those without RV. Operation of RV increased bird AI; however, the benefits in activity encouragement diminished as the broilers grew. The number of broilers on the EP was higher in the EP+RV rooms than in the EP rooms. It is concluded that using EP and RV together may improve broiler welfare and activity without compromising their production performance. Keywords: Behavior, Broiler, Elevated platform, Robotic vehicle, Welfare.

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“…Newly released microcontrollers, with multichannel and multi resolution analog to digital internal converter, high capacity internal flash memory, and wireless internal module, allow the design of unlimited kind of embedded systems, dedicated to various emerging scientific field [24], [25]. The trend is how to make newer prototypes with: i) more energy efficient (some recent dataloggers do not even use battery pack, but energy harvesting instead) [26]; ii) smaller devices (especially useful for medical research) [27]; iii) more analog and/or digital inputs for measurements with higher numerical resolution and sampling rate, and meeting the International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) standards specifically (IEC 60904-1) [28], [29]; and iv) higher (nonvolatile) memory capacity storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized design of an extreme low power datalogger for photovoltaic panels

Merabtane

Benabadji

2023

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">The paper focuses on the design and implementation of a low cost and compact data logger prototype using an extreme low power (XLP) and low pin count programmable interface controllers (PIC) microcontroller using its own flash memory for the periodic data acquisition storage, while many other works focus in the Arduino Eco-system. It is planned to pick four important analog measures from the photovoltaic system, and store them directly as 10-bit numerical counts, this yields to faster data acquisition and storage (no time consuming for mathematical computation to convert each numerical count of raw data to meaningful real-world data). Avoiding the use of any kind of display and keypad, and keeping the ratio run time over sleep time as low as possible, has a maximum impact on lowering the power consumption. This prototype can be serially linked to a personal computer (PC) to view the acquisition of measurements in real time, and to retrieve all collected data through a terminal application. The experimental results are stored in comma-separated values (CSV) files to ease post data analysis with any spread sheet software, for statistical calculations and graphs drawing, in order for instance, to find the faults of the photovoltaic system and optimize its management and its performance.</span>

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Validity of Micro-Data Loggers to Determine Walking Activity of Turkeys and Effects on Turkey Gait

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Across-Species Pose Estimation in Poultry Based on Images Using Deep Learning

Across-Species Pose Estimation in Poultry Based on Images Using Deep Learning

Effects of Elevated Platform and Robotic Vehicle on Broiler Production, Welfare, and Housing Environment

Optimized design of an extreme low power datalogger for photovoltaic panels

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