Validity of risk group definition in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Gómez, Joaquín Marchena; Gomez, Nerea; Rafecas, Antoni; Villabona, Carles; Soler, Jorge

doi:10.1677/erc.0.0040459

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…More than 10% of the population will develop nodules over their life, and a rise in thyroid cancer has also been observed in the last 3 decades, taking into account the diagnosis of 240,000 new cases in USA in the year 2004 [1]. It is currently unknown whether the increase in papillary thyroid cancer is real or is an artefact of improved diagnostic techniques and other procedures, or of increased screening for small nodules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Usefulness of Tumor Markers in the Thyroid Cytological Samples Extracted by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Sanchis

2010

EMIDDT

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Thyroid nodules are quite common and present approximately in 10% of the population. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has become the mainstay of thyroid nodule evaluation and the overall accuracy is excellent; however, some aspirates demonstrating indeterminate cytology results do not permit definitive diagnosis of malignancy, and in addition, there are no clear guidelines for the management of these lesions because the incidence of malignancy in indeterminate aspirates varies in the different studies published. In order to find molecular markers in an attempt to predict malignancy based on cytology, at least 70 molecular or cellular and genetic markers have been studied in thyroid nodules. This review focuses on some potential markers such as thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, telomerase, galectin-3, RET/PTC and protein p53; some of them, such as thyroid peroxidases, thyroglobulin and galectin-3, can be studied in a routine pathology laboratory and are promising, but do not yet fulfil criteria required for their use in clinical practice. The American guidelines and the European consensus for the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer do not recommend their systematic use because the evidence that they have provided is insufficient. On the other hand, information obtained through cytological smears permits the study of complex metabolic or genetic pathways, providing researchers with a high throughput tool to elucidate changes in the global expression patterns seen in tumour cells. This ability to take tumour biology into account would allow the selection of different drugs, considering the predominant altered pathways observed in these samples. Finally, all these data may provide the molecular groundwork for permitting future preoperative discrimination of follicular adenomas from hyperplastic nodules, and may ultimately guide therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Usefulness of Tumor Markers in the Thyroid Cytological Samples Extracted by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Sanchis

2010

EMIDDT

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“…More than 10% of the population will develop nodules over their life, and a rise in thyroid cancer has also been observed in the last 3 decades, taking into account the diagnosis of 240,000 new cases in USA in the year 2004 [ 1 ]. So, thyroid nodules are very common and with the growing use of diagnostic imaging the number of thyroid nodules identified and undergoing further diagnostic evaluation as fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is steadily growing; this technique is a safe, straightforward, sensitive, office-based diagnostic procedure that represents an accepted standard of practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Sanchis

2011

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The MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal- regulated kinase signaling pathway) and PI3K/Akt (lipid kinase phoshoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathway) play an important role in transmission of cell signals through transduction systems as ligands, transmembrane receptors and cytoplasmic secondary messengers to cell nucleus, where they influence the expression of genes that regulate important cellular processes: cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. The genes, coding the signaling cascade proteins (RET, RAS, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, AKT), are mutated or aberrantly expressed in thyroid cancer derived from follicular thyroid cell. Genetic and epigenetic alternations, concerning MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, contribute to their activation and interaction in consequence of malignant follicular cell transformation. Moreover, it is additionally pointed out that genetic, as well as epigenetic DNA changing via aberrant methylation of several tumor suppressor and thyroid-specific genes is associated with tumor aggressiveness, being a jointly responsible mechanism for thyroid tumorigenesis. In the present manuscript the currently developed diagnostic and prognostic genetic/epigenetic markers are presented; the understanding of this molecular mechanism provides access to novel molecular therapeutic strategies.

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¿Está de acuerdo nuestra conducta ante el nódulo tiroideo y cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con la guía norteamericana y el consenso europeo?

Sanchis

2010

Endocrinología y Nutrición

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Validity of risk group definition in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnostic Usefulness of Tumor Markers in the Thyroid Cytological Samples Extracted by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Diagnostic Usefulness of Tumor Markers in the Thyroid Cytological Samples Extracted by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

¿Está de acuerdo nuestra conducta ante el nódulo tiroideo y cáncer diferenciado de tiroides con la guía norteamericana y el consenso europeo?

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