Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a screening instrument of major depressive disorder among Japanese workers

Wada, Koji; Tanaka, Katsutoshi; Thériault, Guylène; Sakurai, Toshihiko; Mimura, Masaru; Miyaoka, Hiroaki; Aizawa, Yoshifusa

doi:10.1002/ajim.20403

Cited by 126 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Studies of other populations have found the optimal cut point to be higher than the traditional value of 16, with most being between 18 and 22. 13,[27][28][29][30][31] In the present work, we analyzed the data using both the traditional cutoff of 16, as well as the more stringent cutoff of 22 recommended by Haringsma et al, 13 and found an association of hypogonadism with the more overt depression scores. This finding agrees in part only with that of Delhez et al, 32 who also found that hypogonadism was associated with depressive scores, but reported that this association was strongest in men with mild depression symptoms, as opposed to pathological cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hypogonadism is associated with overt depression symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction

et al. 2007

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Depression and hypogonadism are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). We evaluated the prevalence of both conditions in men presenting to an ED specialty clinic, and tested whether hypogonadism correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms using a validated questionnaire. From July 2001 to June 2003, 157 men referred to an ED specialty clinic prospectively filled the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the abbreviated International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and had testosterone serum levels drawn. Median age was 53 (range ¼ 21-85 years). Hypogonadism, defined as serum T (testosterone)o300 mg/dl, was present in 36% of patients. This proportion was higher in men over the median age compared to younger patients (45 and 26%, respectively, P ¼ 0.002). Overt depression symptoms, defined as a CES-DX22, were found in 24% of men. Mean age of men with overt depression was 49.9710.1 years vs 55.1715.8 years for those with CES-Do22 (P ¼ 0.02). Hypogonadal men were more likely to have overt depression scores compared to eugonadal counterparts (35 vs 18%, P ¼ 0.02). This association was statistically stronger after correcting for age in a multivariate linear model (P ¼ 0.005). The relative risk of having overt depression was 1.94 times higher in men with hypogonadal testosterone level (95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 3.7). We conclude that in an ED referral population, symptoms of hypogonadism and depression symptoms are fairly prevalent, and that overt depression symptoms are strongly associated with hypogonadism. Clinicians should consider testosterone measurements in all men with high depression symptom scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hypogonadism is associated with overt depression symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction

et al. 2007

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“…In the present study, the levels of serum ferritin concentrations were lower in men with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms; the association, however, was statistically significant only when the presence of depressive symptoms was defined by using the cutoff of ≥19 on the CES-D scale. Although the cutoff for CES-D of ≥16 has been widely recommended, the cutoff of ≥19 has been recommended and validated for use among Japanese workers with the sensitivity and specificity of 92.7% and 91.8%, respectively (Wada et al, 2007). Such a higher cutoff is reasonable given that Japanese tend to express their positive emotion in a modest manner, leading to a high score on depression scales (Iwata et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We defined depressive symptoms as present when a subject had a CES-D score of ≥16. Other cutoff values for the definition were also used: ≥ 19 that has been recommended for use among Japanese workers and ≥ 23 indicative of severe depressive state (Wada et al, 2007).…”

Section: Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Nanri

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tKeywords: Depressive symptoms, Serum ferritin, Body iron store, General population, JapaneseIt remains unclear whether levels of body iron store are related to milder forms of depression, which are more common among apparently healthy people. We examined the association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms among 312 men and 216 women working in two municipal offices in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. In men, increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (defined by using a cutoff value of ≥ 19) was significantly associated with decreased levels of serum ferritin. In age-and study-site-adjusted models, ORs (95% CIs) for depressive symptoms for men in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.83 (1.01-7.94), 1.74 (0.87-3.49), 1.33 (0.71-2.47), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.02). In multivariate-adjusted model, ORs (95% CIs) in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.88 (0.93-8.91), 1.91 (0.90-4.05), 1.28 (0.66-2.49), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.03). No significant association was detected in women. Our finding that men with lower levels of serum ferritin concentrations had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms suggests that adverse psychological effects may be implicated in iron deficiency among middle-age Japanese workers.

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“…Depressive symptoms were defined as present when subjects had a CES-D score of X16. Other cutoff values for the definition were also used: X19 that may be suitable for Japanese (Wada et al, 2007) and X23 indicative of severe depressive state (Wada et al, 2007).…”

Section: Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum folate and homocysteine and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Folate and homocysteine have been implicated to have a role in depression. However, results of epidemiologic studies on this issue have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to clarify the association between serum folate and homocysteine concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese adults. Subjects/Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data for 530 municipal employees (313 men and 217 women), aged 21-67 years, who participated in a health survey at the time of periodic checkup. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios of depressive symptoms (CES-D scale scores of X16) with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: In total, 113 men (36.1%) and 79 women (36.4%) had depressive symptoms. A higher serum folate was associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms in men. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for the lowest to highest quartiles of serum folate were 1.00 (reference), 0.53 (0.27-1.03), 0.33 (0.16-0.68) and 0.51 (0.25-1.03), respectively (trend P ¼ 0.03). Furthermore, the data suggested a positive association between serum homocysteine and depressive symptoms in men (trend P ¼ 0.06). In women, neither folate nor homocysteine was associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Low serum folate may be related to an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese men.

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Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a screening instrument of major depressive disorder among Japanese workers

Abstract: The validity of CES-D is confirmed and it is a valid instrument for detecting MDD in working populations in Japan.

Cited by 126 publications

References 20 publications

Hypogonadism is associated with overt depression symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction

Hypogonadism is associated with overt depression symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Serum folate and homocysteine and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

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