Validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in assessing depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury

Insomnia in workers with delayed recovery from mild traumatic brain injury

“…The continuous variables were the number of comorbid medical conditions, body mass index, depression determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [43], anxiety determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) [44], pain determined by the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (P-VAS) [45], sleep apnea determined using the STOP-Bang questionnaire [46], restless legs determined by adopted Restless Legs Questionnaire [47], and narcolepsy, as determined by the Swiss Narcolepsy Scale [48]. Binary variables were the severity of brain injury determined by the presence of loss of consciousness, retrograde or anterograde post-traumatic amnesia, the mechanism of injury, and the presence of previous head trauma; the presence of DSM-IV-TR disorders [13], including mood, anxiety, adjustment, substance-related, somatoform, sleep, and personality disorders; comorbid conditions (heart disease, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction (hypo-or hyperthyroidism); and the symptom load impacting on sleep, such as snoring, observed pauses in breathing during sleep, head or neck pain, and bodily pain.…”

Validity and screening properties of three depression rating scales in a prospective sample of patients with severe traumatic brain injury

“…More recently, AUCs of 0.87 for the HADS and 0.9 for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were reported in a sample with heterogeneous severity of TBI (44% of severe cases) recruited from a rehabilitation center. 11 In contrast, the HADS performed virtually at chance level in an Omani sample 12 of outpatients, with an AUC of 0.53; as discussed by the authors, cultural and language-related factors may underlie this exception. In line with most previous investigations, the present study found high validity and discriminatory ability for all the evaluated depression rating scales.…”

“…Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, as reflected by the large confidence intervals in many coordinates of the curves. Even so, to our knowledge, only one previous study 11 performed a similar investigation of a larger number of severe cases of TBI (55 patients), which were recruited from a rehabilitation center and pooled for analysis with mild and moderate cases. Secondly, almost one-third of eligible patients did not complete the study.…”

“…Thus far, few studies have performed ROC analysis in the context of screening for depression following TBI. Most authors found that depression rating scales are highly valid, as indicated by high area under the curve (AUC) values, [8][9][10][11] but others reported poor discriminative capacity. 12 These studies assessed patients with heterogeneous severity of injury, most commonly recruited from rehabilitation centers.…”

Neurocognitive, psychosocial and functional status of individuals with alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) on admission to specialist residential care

“…In the wider research literature, the SF36 has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of general health status in individuals with cognitive impairment (Riemsma et al, 2001). However, there is inconsistent evidence for the validity of the HADS and the DASS in traumatic brain injury (Ownsworth et al, 2008;Whelan-Goodinson et al, 2009;Schonberger & Ponsford, 2010;Dahm et al, 2013). Future research should seek to validate these instruments when used with ARBD.…”