Validity of Visual and Auditory Attention Tests for Detecting ADHD

Wang, Liang‐Jen; Lee, Sheng-Yu; Tsai, Ching-Shu; Lee, Min-Jing; Chou, Miao-Chun; Kuo, Ho-Chang; Chou, Wen-Jiun

doi:10.1177/1087054719887433

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The severity and number of ADHD symptoms are associated with the degree of psychiatric comorbidity and disability, including cognitive abnormalities 47 . Cognitive domains commonly affected in ADHD include attention, working memory and problem solving 48 – 50 . As mental health issues may be neglected among athletes 51 , adverse symptoms, like neurocognitive deficits, may be present despite the lack of diagnosis and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters

Kildal

Hassel

Bjørnebekk

2022

Sci Rep

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Use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with adverse health effects. The factors that predispose to AAS use among athletes are poorly understood, but attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is known to occur among athletes more often than in the general population, is associated with risk behaviors, including substance abuse. We aimed to see if AAS use in male weightlifters was associated with ADHD symptoms, and test the link between ADHD symptoms and cognitive performance. Hundred and forty male weightlifters, 72 AAS users and 68 weightlifting controls (WLC), completed the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA) for ADHD symptoms and underwent cognitive examination. Self-reported ADHD symptom scores were significantly higher among AAS users compared to WLC, and scores in the range indicating clinically important ADHD was significantly more common in the AAS-using group. Age of onset of AAS use correlated inversely with ADHD scale score (r = − 0.35; p = 0.003). ADHD score correlated inversely with cognitive scores for working memory (r = − 0.25, p < 0.001), processing speed (r = − 0.24, p < 0.001), verbal learning and memory (r = − 0.19, p = 0.03), and problem solving (r = − 0.20, p = 0.02). AAS use among weightlifters is associated with ADHD symptoms and corresponding lower cognitive performance. Recognising a relationship between ADHD symptoms and AAS use may guide drug prevention strategies in sports.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters

Kildal

Hassel

Bjørnebekk

2022

Sci Rep

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“… Data are expressed as N (%) or Mean ± SD. CPT3, the Conners' Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition (Tu et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2021); ITS, internal transcribed spacer (Schoch et al., 2012); n/a, nonapplicable; SNAP‐IV, the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Version IV Scale (Bussing et al., 2008; Gau et al., 2008, 2009); WISC‐IV, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (Baron, 2005). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut mycobiome dysbiosis and its impact on intestinal permeability in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Wang

Yeh

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Dysbiosis in the gut microbial community might be involved in the pathophysiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The fungal component of the gut microbiome, namely the mycobiota, is a hyperdiverse group of multicellular eukaryotes that can influence host intestinal permeability. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impact of fungal mycobiome dysbiosis and intestinal permeability on ADHD. Methods Faecal samples were collected from 35 children with ADHD and from 35 healthy controls. Total DNA was extracted from the faecal samples and the internal transcribed spacer regions were sequenced using high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The fungal taxonomic classification was analysed using bioinformatics tools and the differentially expressed fungal species between the ADHD and healthy control groups were identified. An in vitro permeability assay (Caco‐2 cell layer) was used to evaluate the biological effects of fungal dysbiosis on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Results The β‐diversity (the species diversity between two communities), but not α‐diversity (the species diversity within a community), reflected the differences in fungal community composition between ADHD and control groups. At the phylum level, the ADHD group displayed a significantly higher abundance of Ascomycota and a significantly lower abundance of Basidiomycota than the healthy control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Candida (especially Candida albicans) was significantly increased in ADHD patients compared to the healthy controls. In addition, the in vitro cell assay revealed that C. albicans secretions significantly enhanced the permeability of Caco‐2 cells. Conclusions The current study is the first to explore altered gut mycobiome dysbiosis using the NGS platform in ADHD. The findings from this study indicated that dysbiosis of the fungal mycobiome and intestinal permeability might be associated with susceptibility to ADHD.

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“…We adopted these two exams because they encompass both visual and auditory attention, which are the two most frequently impaired attentions in ADHD. Previous evidence has indicated that the CPT and CATA neuropsychological tests provide objective information about attention in ADHD cases [ 40 , 41 ]. The measures used in the analyses are omissions, commissions, and detectability (d’).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Leakage Markers and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Lee

Yang

et al. 2023

Children

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly seen mental disorder in children. Intestinal permeability may be associated with the pathogenesis of ADHD. The study herein investigated the role of gut leakage biomarkers in the susceptibility of ADHD. A total of 130 children with ADHD and 73 healthy controls (HC) individuals were recruited. Serum concentrations of zonulin, occludin, and defensin (DEFA1) were determined. Visual attention was assessed with Conners’ continuous performance test (CPT). In order to rate participants’ ADHD core symptoms at home and school, their parents and teachers completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham—Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV), respectively. We found significantly lower DEFA1 levels in the ADHD group compared to that in the HC group (p = 0.008), but not serum levels of zonulin and occludin. The serum levels of DEFA1 showed an inverse correlation with the inattention scores in the SNAP-IV parent form (p = 0.042) and teacher form (p = 0.010), and the hyperactivity/impulsivity scores in the SNAP-IV teacher form (p = 0.014). The serum levels of occludin showed a positive correlation with the subtest of detectability in the CPT (p = 0.020). Our study provides new reference into the relation between gut leakage markers and cognition, which may advance research of the pathophysiology of ADHD.

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Validity of Visual and Auditory Attention Tests for Detecting ADHD

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters

ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters

Gut mycobiome dysbiosis and its impact on intestinal permeability in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Gut Leakage Markers and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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