Validity study of <scp>Patient Health Questionnaire</scp>‐9 items for <scp>Internet</scp> screening in depression among <scp>Chinese</scp> university students

Du, Na; Yu, Kexin; Ye, Yan; Chen, Shulin

doi:10.1111/appy.12266

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings of high internal consistency and high test-retest coefficient after 2 weeks are consistent with those of previous studies [23][24][25][26][27][28]. The correlation coefficient between the total score and each item score of PHQ-9 ranged from 0.572 to 0.813 (P < 0.01), which is indicative of strong correlation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

Sun

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

191

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Background To assess the reliability and validity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to assess the feasibility of its use in psychiatric hospitals in China. Methods One hundred nine outpatients or inpatients with MDD who qualified the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria completed PHQ-9 and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). Two weeks after the initial evaluation, 54 randomly selected patients underwent repeat assessment using PHQ-9. For validity analysis, the construct validity and criterion validity were assessed. The internal concordance coefficient and the test-retest correlation coefficients were used for reliability analysis. The correlation between total score and scores for each item and the correlation between scores for various items were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Principal components factor analysis showed good construct validity of the PHQ-9. PHQ-9 total score showed a positive correlation with HAMD-17 total score (r = 0.610, P < 0.001). With HAMD as the standard, PHQ-9 depression scores of 7, 15, and 21 points were used as cut-offs for mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Consistency assessment was conducted between the depression severity as assessed by PHQ-9 and HAMD (Kappa = 0.229, P < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient between PHQ-9 total score and HAMD total score was 0.594 (95% confidence interval, 0.456–0.704, P < 0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient of PHQ-9 was 0.892. Correlation coefficients between each item score and the total score ranged from 0.567–0.789 (P < 0.01); the correlation coefficient between various item scores ranged from 0.233–0.747. The test-retest correlation coefficient for total score was 0.737. Conclusions PHQ-9 showed good reliability and validity, and high adaptability for patients with MDD in psychiatric hospital. It is a simple, rapid, effective, and reliable tool for screening and evaluation of the severity of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 (Chinese version) as a screening tool for depression has been validated in large studies conducted in Hong Kong (n = 6028) and Taiwan (n = 1954) [21,22]. The effectiveness of PHQ-9 is supported by other related studies conducted in China [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

Sun

et al. 2020

BMC Psychiatry

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our findings of high internal consistency and high test-retest coefficient after 2 weeks are consistent with those of previous studies [23][24][25][26][27][28]. The correlation coefficient between the total score and each item score of PHQ-9 ranged from 0.572 to 0.813 (P<0.01), which is indicative of strong correlation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 (Chinese version) as a screening tool for depression has been validated in large studies conducted in Hong Kong, China (n = 6028) and Taiwan, China (n = 1954) [21,22]. The effectiveness of PHQ-9 is supported by other related studies conducted in mainland China [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

Sun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: To assess the reliability and validity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to assess the feasibility of its use in psychiatric hospitals in China. Methods: 109 outpatients or inpatients with MDD who qualified the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria completed PHQ-9 and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). Two weeks after the initial evaluation, 54 randomly selected patients underwent repeat assessment using PHQ-9. For validity analysis, the construct validity and criterion validity were assessed. The internal concordance coefficient and the test-retest correlation coefficients were used for reliability analysis. The correlation between total score and scores for each item and the correlation between scores for various items were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Principal components factor analysis showed good construct validity of the PHQ-9. PHQ-9 total score showed a positive correlation with HAMD-17 total score (r=0.610, P<0.001). With HAMD as the standard, PHQ-9 depression scores of 7, 15, and 21 points were used as cut-offs for mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Consistency assessment was conducted between the depression severity as assessed by PHQ-9 and HAMD (Kappa=0.229, P<0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficient between PHQ-9 total score and HAMD total score was 0.594 (95% confidence interval: 0.456–0.704, P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient of PHQ-9 was 0.892. Correlation coefficients between each item score and the total score ranged from 0.567–0.789 (P<0.01); the correlation coefficient between various item scores ranged from 0.233–0.747. The test-retest correlation coefficient for total score was 0.737. Conclusions: PHQ-9 showed good reliability and validity, and high adaptability for patients with MDD in psychiatric hospital. It is a simple, rapid, effective, and reliable tool for screening and evaluation of the severity of depression.

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“…According to the total score, the severity of depression is defined as follows: severe (˃ 20), moderate to severe (15–20), moderate (10–14), mild (5–9), and no (≤ 4) depression [ 17 , 21 ]. The Chinese version of PHQ-9 applied in this study has high reliability and validity in general Chinese population, whose Cronbach’s alpha equals to 0.86 [ 21 , 22 ]. Statistical analyses were done between moderate/severe and none/mild depression distinguished by the recommended cut-off value (total score = 10) [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China

Chen

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

146

139

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Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the status of depression and anxiety of healthcare workers and to explore the risk factors during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using convenience sampling to obtain a sample of healthcare workers. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information of the basic characteristics, workload, and the health condition. Burnout, coping style, anxiety, and depression were measured by specific scales. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety or depression. Results There were 902 questionnaires received between February 9, 2020 and February 11, 2020. The proportion of healthcare workers with symptoms of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression were 16.63% and 18.29%, respectively. There were 24.50% healthcare workers experiencing moderate/severe anxiety and depression at the same time. The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. Conclusion More attention should be paid to the mental health of frontline healthcare workers at the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Taking steps to reduce the intensity of the work and burnout will be effective to stabilize the mental state of them.

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Validity study of Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 items for Internet screening in depression among Chinese university students

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital

Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China

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