Valoración de métodos convencionales y no convencionales para el control del taladrador de las meliáceas en América

Abstract

SUMMARYIn the present review article, a recapitulation of recent research made with the purpose of decreasing the negative effect produced by the insects Hypsipyla grandella and Hypsipyla robusta (shoot borers) on seedlings of the Meliaceae family is presented, highlighting the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and the cedar (Cedrela odorata) that are considered of high commercial importance due to the structure and quality of their wood in the forestry industry. Hypsipyla spp. has been identified as a potential plague and of commercial interest, as it attacks plants in their first life stages. This attack induces excessive branching, deformation of the stem and in the worst cases the death of the affected seedlings in monospecific plantations. The use of chemical agents (insecticides and pheromones), shade regulation on plantations, implementation of good forestry practices, biological control and the combination of plants with allelopathic principles against the plague in forestry cultures are some of the alternatives evaluated in situ and ex situ for the control or extermination of this plague that for many years has been the object of study of researchers.Key words: Cedrela odorata, commercial importance, monospecific plantations, pests, Swietenia macrophylla. RESUMENEn el presente artículo de revisión se hace una recapitulación de investigaciones recientes que se han realizado con el propósito de disminuir el efecto negativo producido por los insectos Hypsipyla grandella e Hypsipyla robusta (taladrador de los brotes tiernos) en plántulas pertenecientes a la familia de las meliáceas, destacando la caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) y el cedro (Cedrela odorata), consideradas de suma importancia comercial por su estructura y calidad de la madera en la industria forestal, se ha identificado a Hypsipyla spp. como una plaga potencial y de interés comercial por atacar a las plantas en los primeros estadios de vida, puesto que el ataque induce a la formación excesiva de ramas, malformación de fustes y, en el peor de los casos, la muerte de las plántulas afectadas en plantaciones monoespecíficas, desde el uso de agentes químicos (insecticida y feromonas), manejo de la sombra en plantaciones, implementación de buenas prácticas silviculturales, control biológico y la combinación de plantas con principios alelopáticos hacia la plaga en cultivos forestales, son algunas de las alternativas evaluadas in situ y ex situ a fin de controlar o erradicar la plaga que por muchos años ha sido objeto de estudio por investigadores.Palabras clave: Cedrela odorata, importancia comercial, plagas, plantaciones monoespecíficas, Swietenia macrophylla. INTRODUCCIÓNLos taladradores Hypsipyla grandella [Zeller, 1848] e Hypsipyla robusta [Moore, 1886] (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) son plagas potenciales y económicamente importantes porque atacan los brotes tiernos terminales y en algunas ocasiones el fuste de los individuos arbóreos pertenecientes a la familia de las meliáceas (importantes en los mercados madereros a nivel mundial) como la caoba (Sw...

Effect of canopy cover on development of cedar (<i>Cedrela fissilis</i>) and aspects of damage caused by <i>Hypsipyla grandella</i> in agroforestry system

“…Tabela 3 -Porcentagem de plantas de cedro-rosa Cedrela fissilis atacadas pela broca-do-cedro Hypsipyla grandella nas três diferentes classes de cobertura natural em sistema agroflorestal em Fraiburgo -SC, 2017. Many studies have reported higher frequency of attacks by Hypsipyla grandella to other species of the family Meliaceae exposed to high levels of solar radiation (SÁNCHEZ-SOTO; DOMÍNGUEZ DOMÍNGUEZ; CORTÉS MADRIGAL, 2009;RUIZ et al, 2016). Our results have shown the same behavior for Cedrela fissilis and indicate that mahogany shoot borer attacks impaired the development of plants exposed to 0-20% cover, despite the higher levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) observed under such conditions.…”

Volatiles as Attractants of Mahogany Shoot Borer, Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Chemical (Goulet et al 2005), biological (Pulgarín et al 2018), and silvicultural (Ruiz et al 2016) control methods have been tested against this pest. Aside from being harmful to the environment, the application of conventional pesticides has also proven to be inefficient and economically unsustainable for various reasons, such as: larvae are inaccessible to pesticides since they are concealed in the stem, heavy rainfall washes away the applied pesticides, and a wide pesticide application window is required to protect the plants (Allan et al 1976;Wylie 2001;Mahroof et al 2002;Goulet et al 2005).…”