Valorisation of agro-waste cashew nut husk (Testa) for different value-added products

Zafeer, Mohd. Khalid; K, Subrahmanya Bhat

doi:10.1016/j.scca.2023.100014

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Cashew pulp waste juice is also a promising source of bioproducts, once cashew tree cultivation is performed, primarily aiming for cashew nut production, in which cashews are considered as agricultural waste and a by-product of cashew nut production [54][55][56][57][58]. Cashew pulp is rich in bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties.…”

Section: Non-conventional Fruit Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of High-Added-Value Bioproducts from Non-Conventional Biomasses: An Overview

Monteiro

Battisti

Valencia

et al. 2023

Biomass

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In recent decades, biomasses from different industrial segments have created new interesting perspectives, including sustainable development. Moreover, reusing waste, such as biomass, also impacts the economy, i.e., the circular economy. The main biomasses and their applications are evident in the energy, food, chemistry, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors. Several questions should be asked regarding the trending topic of the circular economy, including biomass availability and seasonality, energy demand (processes), and the real environmental impact. Thus, this review focuses on biomass collected from non-conventional (unusual technology at the industrial scale) food-processing residues, particularly from 2016 to 2023, to produce biomaterials and/or bioproducts for the food sector.

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Section: Non-conventional Fruit Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of High-Added-Value Bioproducts from Non-Conventional Biomasses: An Overview

Monteiro

Battisti

Valencia

et al. 2023

Biomass

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“…This liquid provides essential components used in the fabrication of sustainable and green products, such as resins, rubbers, biodiesel, and insecticides [10,11]. Other derivative and valueadded products obtained from cashew nutshell, cashew apple, and cashew biomass can be found in the literature [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Unfortunately, Córdoba's farmers extract only the nuts, and the cashew nutshell residues are not used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cashew Nutshells: A Promising Filler for 3D Printing Filaments

Paternina Reyes,

Unfried Silgado,

Santa Marín

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Cashew nutshells from the northern region of Colombia were prepared to assess their potential use as a filler in polymer matrix filaments for 3D printing. After drying and grinding processes, cashew nutshells were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Three different filaments were fabricated from polylactic acid pellets and cashew nutshell particles at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 weight percentages using a single-screw extruder. Subsequently, single-filament tensile tests were carried out on them. SEM images showed rough and porous particles composed of an arrangement of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a hemicellulose and lignin matrix, the typical microstructure reported for natural fibers. These characteristics observed in the particles are favorable for improving filler–matrix adhesion in polymer matrix composites. In addition, their low density of 0.337 g/cm3 makes them attractive for lightweight applications. ATR-FTIR spectra exhibited specific functional groups attributed to hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, as well as a possible transformation to crystalline cellulose during drying treatment. According to TGA analyses, the thermal stability of cashew nutshell particles is around 320 °C. The three polylactic acid–cashew nutshell particle filaments prepared in this work showed higher tensile strength and elongation at break when compared to polylactic acid filament. The characteristics displayed by these cashew nutshell particles make them a promising filler for 3D printing filaments.

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“…[4][5][6] Cashew nut husk (CNH), i. e., the tough outer cover of the cashew kernel and the de-oiled CNS, are treated as wastes and have limited markets. [7] Effective utilization of CNS and CNH will help cashew processing and related industries to be economically and environmentally more sustainable. The cost of activated carbon (AC) derived from CNS has been projected to be lower than other crops, such as bamboo or coconut shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon from Cashew Nut Husk and Cashew Nut Shell Wastes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Studies

Anchan,

Jadhav,

Dutta

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Activated carbon (AC) is a key material in numerous industrial applications, including wastewater treatment, catalysis, personal care products, and pharmaceutical industry. Producing AC from waste biomass is of much interest since the environmental footprint is low and the economics are favorable for most applications. Cashew nut husk (CNH) and cashew nut shell (CNS) are typically considered wastes in the cashew nut processing industry. Synthesis of AC from CNH and CNS allows value addition of these materials and improves the economic prospects of the cashew nut processing industry. Herein, we report the production of AC by carbonization of CNH and CNS using orthophosphoric acid as the activating agent. The results showed that 700 °C is a suitable activation temperature for CNH, whereas 500 °C was enough for activating CNS. The AC samples were extensively characterized by FTIR, PXRD, BET, and FESEM‐EDX analysis. The AC produced from CNH at 700 °C (H‐700) exhibited a very high specific surface area and iodine number of 1511 m2/g and 961 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, H‐700 was used for adsorbing methylene blue from water as a model for wastewater treatment. The H‐700 sample showed an adsorption capacity of 520 mg/g with good recyclability up to five cycles.

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Valorisation of agro-waste cashew nut husk (Testa) for different value-added products

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

The Production of High-Added-Value Bioproducts from Non-Conventional Biomasses: An Overview

The Production of High-Added-Value Bioproducts from Non-Conventional Biomasses: An Overview

Cashew Nutshells: A Promising Filler for 3D Printing Filaments

Activated Carbon from Cashew Nut Husk and Cashew Nut Shell Wastes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Studies

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