“…The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for TPC, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models exceeded 0.94, indicating a representation of over 90 % of the data by these models [ 25 ]. The adjusted R square (adj R 2 ) values for these models surpassed 0.90, implying minimal significant differences between predicted and adjusted values, affirming the model's reliability [ 32 ]. Additionally, the insignificance of the lack of fit terms (p > 0.05) underscored the appropriateness of the models ( Table 7 ).…”