Valorization of coco coir into biocomposite materials through water-based chemistry

Valorization of hemp fibers into biocomposites via one‐step pectin‐based green fabrication process

“…Another successful strategy reported in several studies is the polymerization reaction involving lignin with bifunctional chemical linkers 45 . Research teams have also reported different types of lignin modifications using diazonium salts to obtain better adhesion to the polymer, which allow the creation of robust composites with better mechanical and thermal properties 44–46 . In addition, the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the lignin are good nucleophiles when compared to other possible hydroxyl groups available on the hemp fibers.…”

“…45 Research teams have also reported different types of lignin modifications using diazonium salts to obtain better adhesion to the polymer, which allow the creation of robust composites with better mechanical and thermal properties. [44][45][46] In addition, the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the lignin are good nucleophiles when compared to other possible hydroxyl groups available on the hemp fibers. Thus, we expect that the majority of the crosslinking would happen between pectin and lignin.…”

“…43 Reported studies have described different types of chemical processes for lignin modification by using the basic principles of diazonium chemistry to attain strong binding of the natural fibers towards the polymer matrix and to culminate in composite materials with enhanced physical strength and better thermal properties. [44][45][46] However, these fabrication processes were generally carried out in two steps and the pH of the reaction mixture had to be monitored during the reactions. These two factors make the composite fabrication process less convenient for implementation at a large scale in terms of logistics and overall economic feasibility.…”

“…It encompasses the hemicellulose‐coated cellulose strands and provides structural integrity, rigidity, and physical strength to the hemp fiber (Figure 3). 43 Reported studies have described different types of chemical processes for lignin modification by using the basic principles of diazonium chemistry to attain strong binding of the natural fibers towards the polymer matrix and to culminate in composite materials with enhanced physical strength and better thermal properties 44–46 . However, these fabrication processes were generally carried out in two steps and the pH of the reaction mixture had to be monitored during the reactions.…”

Eco-friendly fabrication of coco coir composites for hydroponic cultivation: a green chemistry approach

“…15 As stated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2019, the yearly global yield of coconut coir has considerably grown from 900 000 metric tons in 2002 to 1 250 000 metric tons in 2019. 16,17 By 2028, it is estimated that the global coconut industry would be worth USD 101.9 billion. [18][19][20][21][22] The rapid increase in global demand for coconut products has resulted in copious amounts of coco coir as an industrial byproduct with no concrete plans to utilize or recycle them effectively.…”