Valorization of coffee leaves as a potential agri-food resource: bio-active compounds, applications and future prospective

Albuquerque

et al. 2023

IJERPH

Roasting is responsible for imparting the main characteristics to coffee, but the high temperatures used in the process can lead to the formation of several potentially toxic substances. Among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, furan and its derivative compounds, α-dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products, 4-methylimidazole, and chloropropanols stand out. The objective of this review is to present a current and comprehensive overview of the chemical contaminants formed during coffee roasting, including a discussion of mitigation strategies reported in the literature to decrease the concentration of these toxicants. Although the formation of the contaminants occurs during the roasting step, knowledge of the coffee production chain as a whole is important to understand the main variables that will impact their concentrations in the different coffee products. The precursors and routes of formation are generally different for each contaminant, and the formed concentrations can be quite high for some substances. In addition, the study highlights several mitigation strategies related to decreasing the concentration of precursors, modifying process conditions and eliminating/degrading the formed contaminant. Many of these strategies show promising results, but there are still challenges to be overcome, since little information is available about advantages and disadvantages in relation to aspects such as costs, potential for application on an industrial scale and impacts on sensory properties.

Section: Coffeementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Contaminants in Coffee Induced by Roasting: A Review

Albuquerque

et al. 2023

IJERPH

“…Coffee leaves harbor a wide array of compounds, including phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, xanthones, amino acids, terpenes, and anthocyanins. ,− In particular, coffee leaves are discriminated from beans by the presence of xanthones and, in particular, mangiferin . Their phytochemical profile is influenced by multiple environmental, genetic, and climatic factors, but further variability is determined by postharvest handling, which can reduce, enhance, or modulate the relative abundance of compounds relevant for bioactive or organoleptic purposes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted HR-MS Profiling and Discrimination of Coffea arabica L. Leaves under Different Postharvest Production Processes

Rovelli,

Righetti,

Nucci

et al. 2024

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

Coffee byproducts, such as coffee leaves, are components of the coffee plant that are still underexplored. Considering their potential application in the food chain, defining their phytochemical profile and its susceptibility to processing is essential. A comprehensive HR-MS profiling performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to dive into the phytochemicals occurring in Coffea arabica L. leaves (cv. red Caturra), following three postharvest approaches used to obtain an oxidized, a slightly oxidized, and a nonoxidized, herbal infusion-like botanical product. Coffee signature compounds, such as caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid, were also quantified, evidencing that each processing step had a peculiar impact on the extracts. Slightly oxidized and oxidized samples showed comparable levels of caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid, while the content of both compounds was significantly different in nonoxidized leaves. The untargeted HR-MS approach followed by chemometrics allowed a clear clustering of the three different treatments, and 472 identifications were putatively assigned. The large majority (95.4%) of the identified metabolites fall within 8 chemical superclasses, the most represented being phenylpropanoids (38.0%), sterol lipids (18.2%), and glycerophospholipids (17.7%). Among all of the identified metabolites, 45% are significantly overaccumulated in nonoxidized samples, 37% in the oxidized samples, and, finally, 18% in the slightly oxidized samples. Besides providing exhaustive profiling, such an approach confirms the suitability of untargeted HR-MS for discrimination of commercial batches of coffee leaves and highlights how its exploitation could support future investigations.

“…Edible plants could be applied in the field of phytomedicine because of their nutritional value, which mainly is due to the high contents of the previously mentioned compounds, in addition to many bioactive ingredients for overcoming several human diseases [13][14][15][16][17]. Several current reports have been published that investigate the role of agro-techniques (different agricultural technologies) in producing plant bioactives by using plant tissue culture tools [18,19] or agro-wastes such as banana peels [20], olive mill pomace [21], and coffee leaves [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Nutrition for Human Health: A Pictorial Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds for Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2022

Is there any relationship between plant nutrition and human health? The overall response to this question is very positive, and a strong relationship between the nutrition of plants and humans has been reported in the literature. The nutritional status of edible plants consumed by humans can have a negative or positive impact on human health. This review was designed to assess the importance of plant bioactive compounds for human health under the umbrella of sustainable agriculture. With respect to the first research question, it was found that plant bioactives (e.g., alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids) have a crucial role in human health due to their therapeutic benefits, and their potentiality depends on several factors, including botanical, environmental, and clinical attributes. Plant bioactives could be produced using plant tissue culture tools (as a kind of agro-biotechnological method), especially in cases of underexploited or endangered plants. Bioactive production of plants depends on many factors, especially climate change (heat stress, drought, UV radiation, ozone, and elevated CO2), environmental pollution, and problematic soils (degraded, saline/alkaline, waterlogged, etc.). Under the previously mentioned stresses, in reviewing the literature, a positive or negative association was found depending on the kinds of stress or bioactives and their attributes. The observed correlation between plant bioactives and stress (or growth factors) might explain the importance of these bioactives for human health. Their accumulation in stressed plants can increase their tolerance to stress and their therapeutic roles. The results of this study are in keeping with previous observational studies, which confirmed that the human nutrition might start from edible plants and their bioactive contents, which are consumed by humans. This review is the first report that analyzes this previously observed relationship using pictorial presentation.