Valorization of keratin waste biomass and its potential applications

Chilakamarry, Chaitanya Reddy; Khilji, Irshad Ahamad; Gupta, Arun; Bhuyar, Prakash; Mahmood, Syed; AL-Japairai, Khater Ahmed Saeed; Chua, Gek Kee

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101707

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Water treatment: Various natural source wastes from chicken feathers, sheep wool, human hair, etc. are used for water processing [ 150 , 151 ]. Wastes from biodiesel industry i.e.…”

Section: Glycerol Into Value-added Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications

Chilakamarry

Sakinah

Zularisam

et al. 2021

Syst Microbiol and Biomanuf

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Graphic abstract The rapid industrial and economic development runs on fossil fuel and other energy sources. Limited oil reserves, environmental issues, and high transportation costs lead towards carbon unbiased renewable and sustainable fuel. Compared to other carbon-based fuels, biodiesel is attracted worldwide as a biofuel for the reduction of global dependence on fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. During biodiesel production, approximately 10% of glycerol is formed in the transesterification process in a biodiesel plant. The ditching of crude glycerol is important as it contains salt, free fatty acids, and methanol that cause contamination of soil and creates environmental challenges for researchers. However, the excessive cost of crude glycerol refining and market capacity encourage the biodiesel industries for developing a new idea for utilising and produced extra sources of income and treat biodiesel waste. This review focuses on the significance of crude glycerol in the value-added utilisation and conversion to bioethanol by a fermentation process and describes the opportunities of glycerol in various applications.

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“…Water treatment: Various natural source wastes from chicken feathers, sheep wool, human hair, etc. are used for water processing [ 150 , 151 ]. Wastes from biodiesel industry i.e.…”

Section: Glycerol Into Value-added Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications

Chilakamarry

Sakinah

Zularisam

et al. 2021

Syst Microbiol and Biomanuf

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“…The etymology of the “keratin” term comes from the Greek word “kera”, which means “horn”, referring to the description of the material which forms hard tissues in animals and that was formulated for the first time around 1850 [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratin is a structural protein encountered in epithelial cells of most vertebrates [ 2 ], representing their most abundant and important biopolymer, after collagen [ 3 ]. Keratin is a rigid, fibrous protein produced in the epidermal layer or outer covering of vertebrates’ body [ 3 , 4 ], being the third most abundant polymer found in nature after chitin and cellulose [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratin is frequently wrongly understood as a single substance, even if it represents a complex mixture of proteins, such as keratins and keratin-associated proteins [ 4 , 5 ]. Keratins are filament-forming, high-sulfur content proteins and belong to the group of intermediate filament proteins (IFs) [ 6 , 7 ], which are insoluble in ordinary protein solvents and also undigested with pepsin or trypsin [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among keratinous materials, the most abundant and sustainable in nature is the chicken feather waste [ 17 ]. Globally quantity of feathers produced by poultry processing, as a by-product, was estimated at ~8.5 billion tons per year [ 1 , 18 ], while annual worldwide production of poultry encounters a continuous increase, anticipating reaching more than 24.8 billion animals in 2030 and 37.0 billion in 2050, respectively [ 10 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

et al. 2021

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One of the agro-industry’s side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.

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Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone‐Substituting Biomaterials

Putra

Zhou

Zadpoor

2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, we highlight the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste‐derived bone‐substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell‐derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash‐derived silica will likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste‐derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Valorization of keratin waste biomass and its potential applications

Cited by 66 publications

References 126 publications

Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications

Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications

Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone‐Substituting Biomaterials

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