Valorization of lignin for advanced material applications: a review

Shorey, Rohan; Salaghi, Ayyoub; Fatehi, Pedram; Mekonnen, Tizazu H.

doi:10.1039/d3su00401e

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…Lignin, as a naturally renewable resource, has become an ideal precursor for carbon material preparation, attributed to its high carbon content, abundant raw material sources, and unique three-dimensional network structure. − Lignin-derived carbon materials not only boast low toxicity and excellent chemical stability but also exhibit high specific surface areas and controllable pore structure, showcasing significant potential in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. − To enhance the physicochemical properties and adsorption capabilities of carbon materials, chemical activation and heteroatom doping are commonly used for modification. , Chemical activation involves the use of agents such as KOH, NaOH, K 2 CO 3 , ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 , which effectively increase the specific surface area and pore structure of materials, thereby improving the diversity and quantities of surface functional groups. Consequently, this leads to an increased number of available binding sites, thereby augmenting the efficiency of adsorption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the Porous Structure of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials for High Adsorption Performance via Dual Nitrogen Source-Assisted Activation

Fu,

Bai,

Cai

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Carbon adsorbents are ideal materials for the treatment of organic pollutants in water, but there still exist challenges in regulating the pore structure and optimizing the adsorption properties. This work presents the preparation and application of lignin-derived carbon materials (ALUNC-0.5) with high specific surface area, multiscale pores, and abundant nitrogen doping sites achieved through coactivation using melamine, urea, and potassium carbonate. And the carbon source used is the biorefinery residue lignin. The incorporation of urea facilitated the uniform mixing of raw materials and enhanced the microporosity of the resulting carbon materials. In simulated wastewater treatment scenarios, ALUNC-0.5 demonstrated impressive actual adsorption capacities of up to 1276 and 1414 mg g −1 for methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), respectively, while maintaining excellent reproducibility. This exceptional efficacy in pollutant removal can be attributed to the presence of multiscale pores and nitrogen doping sites, which effectively facilitate mass transfer and enhance pollutant adsorption through multiple mechanisms. The study presents a green and efficient activation method for the preparation of lignin carbon materials with outstanding adsorption performance, offering valuable insights into sustainable approaches for mitigating water pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the Porous Structure of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials for High Adsorption Performance via Dual Nitrogen Source-Assisted Activation

Fu,

Bai,

Cai

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…7,8 Lignin has numerous industrial applications, such as food packaging materials, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, and sterile biomedical device components. 9–11 Its intrinsic UV shielding properties, anti-oxidant capacity, chemical stability, and physical toughness also enhance the value of consumer goods. 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-derived bionanocomposites as functional food packaging materials

Zubair,

Rauf,

Fatima

et al. 2024

Sustainable Food Technol.

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Enhancing the Performance of Lignin/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Hybrid Materials Using Dicarboxylic Acids

Ghosh

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To reduce our dependency on petrochemical feedstock, there is a growing interest in utilizing natural biomass to manufacture high‐performance and eco‐friendly materials. Forest‐derived woody biomass contains approximately 20% to 35% lignin by mass, which is mostly underutilized. In the present investigation, lignin feedstock, isolated from the hybrid poplar tree using an n‐butanol‐based solvent mixture, was compounded with acrylonitrile butadiene or nitrile rubber (NBR) at an equal mass ratio to produce hybrid materials under high shear mixing using IntelliTorque Plasticorder. The lignin/NBR blends were modified with several organic acids such as oxalic and malonic acids (0.01 mol of acid/30 g of polymer). The properties such as processing behavior, tensile stress–strain, solvent swelling, melt rheological, and thermal stability of the materials were analyzed. The studies showed that oxalic acid was an effective modifier or cross‐linker, which profoundly increased the thermomechanical properties of the materials. For example, the average tensile strength and modulus of the 50/50 blend of lignin/NBR were 10.9 and 11.8 MPa, respectively, which increased to 15.1 and 396 MPa, respectively, on treatment with oxalic acid. In brief, the mechanical performance revealed that these lignin‐based materials may have potential applications in several areas including building construction and auto‐part manufacturing.

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Valorization of lignin for advanced material applications: a review

Abstract: Lignin is the second most abundant natural biopolymer after cellulose, constituting between 18 wt.% and 35 wt.% of lignocellulosic biomass. Its renewability, vast availability, and sustainability make it a desirable...

Cited by 19 publications

References 219 publications

Regulating the Porous Structure of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials for High Adsorption Performance via Dual Nitrogen Source-Assisted Activation

Regulating the Porous Structure of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials for High Adsorption Performance via Dual Nitrogen Source-Assisted Activation

Lignin-derived bionanocomposites as functional food packaging materials

Enhancing the Performance of Lignin/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Hybrid Materials Using Dicarboxylic Acids

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