Valorization of Moroccan Bentonite Deposits: “Purification and Treatment of Margin by the Adsorption Process”

Abstract

The main objective of this work was to contribute to the reduction in the contamination of phenolic compounds contained in margin by an adsorption process on two types of raw bentonite. The margin used in the studies was collected from a semi-modern oil mill located in the Nador–Morocco region. The results of the physico-chemical analyses showed that the effluents of the oil mills showed that they are highly polluted, particularly in terms of the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and iron content of around 154.82 (mg/L), and copper content of 31.72 (mg/L). The mineralogy of bentonites studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the existence of two types of montmorillonite; theoretically, the diffraction peak (001) of the montmorillonite appears at 15 Å, with a basal spacing that corresponds to a calcium pole, and the diffraction peak (001) appears at 12Å, with a basal spacing that corresponds to a sodium pole. The specific surface area of the bentonite used is characterized by a large specific surface area, varying between 127.62 m2·g−1 and 693.04 m2·g−1, which is due to the presence of hydrated interleaved cations. This surface is likely to increase in aqueous solution depending on the solid/liquid ratio that modulates the degree of hydration. With a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (146.54 meq/100 g), samples of margin mixed with raw bentonites at different percentages vary between 5% and 100%. The potential of Moroccan bentonite for the phenol adsorption of 9.17 (g/L) from aqueous solutions was investigated. Adsorption tests have confirmed the effectiveness of these natural minerals in reducing phenolic compounds ranging from 8.72% to 76.23% contained in the margin and the efficiency of heavy metal retention through microelements on raw bentonites. The very encouraging results obtained in this work could aid in the application of adsorption for the treatment of margin.

Voltammetric quantitative analysis of vildagliptin in bulk form and spiked human serum at a modified electrode

“…The band observed at 721 cm −1 and a sharp band at 623 cm −1 indicated Si-O stretching due to the presence of quartz [49,50]. The band observed at 522 cm −1 is corresponded to the deformation mode (bending vibration) of Si-O-Al group in octahedral, while the band at 465 cm −1 is assigned to the Si-O-Si deformation band (bending vibration) [51]. Based on these results, the Ca-MMT clay and 5% Ca-MMT/CPE have a strong adsorption property toward the VILD drug compared to graphite.…”

Biomonitoring heavy metals (Cu, Li and Mn) in the Marchica Lagoon of Morocco usingMytilus galloprovincialis

“…In this sense, Azizi et al [19] reported that during the summer period, the bivalves increase their body weight, therefore, the concentration of heavy metals will be diluted in flesh of the mussels. Considering the environmental parameters, the bioaccumulation of metals was higher in winter, probably due to the slower growth at cooler temperature [13,20,21].…”

“…In this sense, the accumulation of heavy metal in shellfish from the marine coasts must be monitored regularly to give information on the risk levels for consumer. Monitoring programs remain among the best tools to know and control metal pollutants in aquatic ecosystems [5][6][7][8]. The mussels, sessile species, have been widely investigated and used to monitor metal pollution in aquatic environments and to reveal the bioavailability of metals by marine biota [9,10].…”