Valorization of orange bagasse through one‐step physical and chemical combined processes to obtain a cellulose‐rich material

Abstract

BACKGROUND Orange bagasse (OB) is an agroindustrial residue of great economic importance that has been little explored for the extraction of cellulose. The present study aimed to investigate different combinations of chemical (sodium hydroxide, peracetic acid and alkaline peroxide) and physical (autoclaving and ultrasonication) treatments performed in one‐step processes for cellulose extraction from OB and to characterize the materials obtained according to their composition, morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability. RESULTS The processing yields ranged from 140 to 820 g kg−1, with a recovery of 720–1000 g kg−1 of the original cellulose. Treatments promoted morphological changes in the fiber structure, resulting in materials with higher porosity, indicating partial removal of the noncellulosic fractions. The use of combined chemical treatments (NaOH and peracetic acid) with autoclaving was more efficient for obtaining samples with the highest cellulose contents. CONCLUSION Therefore, ACSH (processed by autoclaving with NaOH) was the most effective one‐step treatment, resulting in 71.1% cellulose, 0% hemicellulose and 19.0% lignin, with a crystallinity index of 42%. The one‐step treatments were able to obtain materials with higher cellulose contents and yields, reducing reaction times and the quantity of chemical reagents employed in the overall processes compared to multistep conventional processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Modification of Orange Bagasse with Reactive Extrusion to Obtain Cellulose-Based Materials

“…Mantovan et al [1] reported that cellulose content of OB processed by an isolated alkaline treatment increased from 12.4% to 54.7%, with a process yield of 25%, a value close to that observed in this study for the EXPNaOH sample (58.4%); however, in this study, the process yield was 35% (Table 1). The combined (physical and chemical) processes in one step are promising approaches to reducing environmental impacts and overall costs [2,38].…”

“…In general, each type of agro-industrial residue requires specific studies to optimize its use for cellulose production due to great variations in the chemical composition of agroindustrial residues, as well as preferably meeting the current demands for sustainable and competitive technological solutions. Conventional processes use a considerable amount of energy and an abundant number of reagents, including chlorinated agents, thus resulting in toxic effluents [1,2].…”

Surface Modification of Cellulose from Oat Hull with Citric Acid Using Ultrasonication and Reactive Extrusion Assisted Processes

“…The use of lignocellulosic residues such as wheat straw, rice hulls, soybean hulls, orange bagasse, corn hulls, corn fiber, and oat hulls to obtain cellulose can be an interesting alternative to valorize these materials, which generally contain about 20-50% cellulose, 20-30% hemicellulose and 20-30% lignin, offering great opportunities for sustainable production integrated with biorefinery processes to obtain bio-based materials [1,[5][6][7][8].…”

ISOLASI SELULOSA DARI SERAT SABUT KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) PADA VARIASI SUHU DAN WAKTU PROSES BLEACHING DENGAN ASAM PERASETAT

“…Bleaching pada isolasi selulosa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan derajat putih serat terdelignifikasi, menghilangkan komponen lignin, hemiselulosa, kromofor, abu, dan pektin yang tidak terdelignifikasi secara sempurna sehingga dihasilkan selulosa yang kemurniannya tinggi (Wildan, 2010). Agen bleaching yang umum digunakan pada proses isolasi selulosa, diantaranya asam perasetat atau PAA (Chattopadhyay et al, 2020;Mantovan et al, 2021;Zendrato, 2021), hidrogen peroksida (Sena et al, 2021), dan alkali hidrogen peroksida (Arnata et al, 2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan larutan PAA karena larutan ini memiliki bilangan oksidasi lebih tinggi dan kuat dibandingkan dengan hidrogen peroksida (Hidayati dan Zuidar, 2010), serta cenderung tidak merusak selulosa dan bebas klor sehingga lebih aman bagi lingkungan dibandingkan menggunakan senyawa klorin (Maharani, 2012;Sofian, 2011).…”

“…Namun, waktu reaksi yang terlalu panjang dapat merusak rantai selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada serat. Penelitian Mantovan et al (2021) melaporkan bahwa proses bleaching selama 30 menit menggunakan larutan PAA pada ampas jeruk menghasilkan selulosa 56,1±1,5%, lignin 22,3±1%, dan indeks kristalinitas 39%. Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh Zendrato (2021) melaporkan bahwa proses bleaching menggunakan larutan PAA dengan waktu 60 menit pada batang kecombrang menghasilkan rendemen 47,8%, lignin 0,15%, holoselulosa 98,84%, dan α-selulosa 64,78%.…”