Valorization of sewage sludge for facile and green wood bio-adhesives production

Xu, Zhi-Xiang; Tan, Yi; Ma, Xue-Qin; Li, Bin; Chen, Yong-Xing; Zhang, Bo; Osman, Sameh M.; Luo, Jing-Yang; Luque, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117421

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It was observed that similar bands appeared for both EPS, i.e., the broad band between 3400 and 3100 cm –1 might be related to the hydroxyl groups. The peaks at around 1640 and 1540 cm –1 corresponded to N–H bending, which may be ascribed to amide I and amide II of nitrogen compounds, respectively . The peaks at around 1230 cm –1 could be attributed to phosphate and/or C–N stretching vibrations of amide III.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reinvestigating the Composition of Alginate-Like Exopolymers Extracted from Activated Sludge

Li,

Hao,

Persiani

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Over the past decade, a significant amount of research work on extracellular polymeric substances has been done on the "alginate-like exopolysaccharides" (ALE, also called "alginate-like exopolymers"). The term was used based on the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) biopolymer identification test. Although various chemical analyses have been conducted to characterize extracted ALE, it remained unclear whether ALE contains the two sugar monomers of alginates. Aiming to obtain a direct answer to the question: are there alginates in the ALE extracted from sludge, activated sludge was collected from two wastewater treatment plants in two different countries, where the ALE was previously extracted, characterized, and reported in the literature. The extracellular polymers were extracted from these sludges and fractionated according to the standard protocol. The sugar monomer composition of each fraction was analyzed, with special attention to the presence of mannuronic acid (M) and guluronic acid (G), which compose alginate biopolymers. None of these monomers were found in the extracted EPS, indicating there are no alginates resembling polymers extracted from the sludges. The possibility of the presence of other glycan components, such as lipopolysaccharides in EPS, was investigated and confirmed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reinvestigating the Composition of Alginate-Like Exopolymers Extracted from Activated Sludge

Li,

Hao,

Persiani

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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“…As there are relatively high amounts of glucose and proteins in the adhesion fraction, its application for wood adhesion might be a good starting point to explore. In fact, more recently, activated sludge extract produced with deep eutectic solvent showed strong wood adhesion strength when mixed with a 1:1 ratio with glycerol triglycidyl ether ( Xu et al, 2023 ). If the adhesive fraction of the extracted EPS from AGS already has adhesive properties, the addition of other chemicals may not be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The water-soluble fraction of extracellular polymeric substances from a resource recovery demonstration plant: characterization and potential application as an adhesive

Chen,

Erol,

Choi

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Currently, there is a growing interest in transforming wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into resource recovery plants. Microorganisms in aerobic granular sludge produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are considered sustainable resources to be extracted and can be used in diverse applications. Exploring applications in other high-value materials, such as adhesives, will not only enhance the valorization potential of the EPS but also promote resource recovery. This study aimed to characterize a water-soluble fraction extracted from the EPS collected at the demonstration plant in the Netherlands based on its chemical composition (amino acids, sugar, and fatty acids) and propose a proof-of-concept for its use as an adhesive. This fraction comprises a mixture of biomolecules, such as proteins (26.6 ± 0.3%), sugars (21.8 ± 0.2%), and fatty acids (0.9%). The water-soluble fraction exhibited shear strength reaching 36–51 kPa across a pH range of 2–10 without additional chemical treatment, suggesting a potential application as an adhesive. The findings from this study provide insights into the concept of resource recovery and the valorization of excess sludge at WWTPs.

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Deep‐eutectic‐solvent‐assisted hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for green wood bioadhesive production

Xu,

Dou,

Tan

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study reports the use of deep‐eutectic‐solvent‐ (DES‐) assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to disrupt the floc structure of sewage sludge (SS) for deep carbonization, with the resulting hydrochars employed in the preparation of formaldehyde‐free plywood bioadhesives. Sewage‐sludge‐based bioadhesive exhibits an excellent wet shear strength, complying with the requirements of Chinese national standard GB/T 9846–2015 (≥0.7 MPa). The molecular weight of proteins and the formation of covalent bonds via dehydration have a notable role in improving adhesive performance (wet shear strength). The Maillard reaction is a key reaction during HTC to destroy the secondary structure of proteins, resulting in the release of more OH and NH2. The main reaction during hot‐press treatment is dehydration. High ash content in bioadhesives improves flame resistance potential, particularly on addition of DES. A plausible mechanism is proposed for this. This work provides a new method for the valorization of SS‐derived hydrochars and contributes to the development of greener formaldehyde‐free wood bioadhesives.

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Valorization of sewage sludge for facile and green wood bio-adhesives production

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Reinvestigating the Composition of Alginate-Like Exopolymers Extracted from Activated Sludge

Reinvestigating the Composition of Alginate-Like Exopolymers Extracted from Activated Sludge

The water-soluble fraction of extracellular polymeric substances from a resource recovery demonstration plant: characterization and potential application as an adhesive

Deep‐eutectic‐solvent‐assisted hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for green wood bioadhesive production

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