Valorization of volatile fatty acids derived from low-cost organic waste for lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms-A review

Patel, Alok; Sarkar, Omprakash; Rova, Ulrika; Christakopoulos, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124457

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…BSG has an estimated annual production of ~3.4 million tons in the EU [22], therefore developing processes that take advantage of these large amounts are needed [23]. Apart from bioenergy, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced as intermediates during the acidogenesis stage of AD [24]. VFAs are short-chain fatty acids (C2-C5), with the most common ones being acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid (C4), and have been proven viable substrates for yeast cultivation [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Bioconversion Potential of Volatile Fatty Acids: Use of Oleaginous Yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus towards the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

et al. 2022

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Oleaginous yeasts have attracted increasing scientific interest as single cell oil (SCO) producers. SCO can be used as a fossil-free fuel substitute, but also as a source of rarely found odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs), such as C15, C17, and C25 fatty acids which have a wide range of nutritional and biological applications. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have gained interest as sustainable carbon source for yeasts. This study aims to improve current knowledge on yeast species that yield high amounts of SCO using VFAs as a carbon source. Specifically, the growth of the promising yeasts Cryptococcus curvatus and Rhodotorula toruloides was evaluated on individual VFAs, such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. C. curvatus proved to be more tolerant in higher concentrations of VFAs (up to 60 g/L), while butyric acid favored biomass and lipid conversion (0.65 and 0.23 g/gsubstrate, respectively). For R. toruloides, butyric acid favored biomass conversion (0.48 g/gsubstrate), but lipid conversion was favored using acetic acid, instead (0.14 g/gsubstrate). Propionic acid induced the formation of OCFAs, which yielded higher amounts for C. curvatus (up to 2.17 g/L). VFAs derived from the anaerobic digestion of brewer’s spent grain were tested as a cost-competitive carbon source and illustrated the significance of the combination of different VFAs in the quality of the produced SCO, by improving the biodiesel properties and OCFAs production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Bioconversion Potential of Volatile Fatty Acids: Use of Oleaginous Yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus towards the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

et al. 2022

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“…Oleaginous microalgae can accumulate up to 30% of lipids, which are valuable commercial resources ( 1 ). These lipids can be divided into two categories: saturated fatty acids with 14–16 carbons can be used as biodiesel fuel; polyunsaturated fatty acids with more than 20 carbons can be used as health care products ( 2 , 3 ). Schizochytrium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Efficient Gene Editing Tool in Schizochytrium sp. and Improving Its Lipid and Terpenoid Biosynthesis

Huang

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 is a marine microalga with fast growth and high lipid content, which has potential as microbial cell factories for lipid compound biosynthesis. It is significant to develop efficient genetic editing tool and discover molecular target in Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 for lipid compound biosynthesis. In this study, we developed an efficient gene editing tool in HX-308 which was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-1. Results showed that the random integration efficiency reached 100%, and the homologous recombination efficiency reached about 30%. Furthermore, the metabolic pathway of lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis were engineered. Firstly, the acetyl-CoA c-acetyltransferase was overexpressed in HX-308 with a strong constitutive promoter. With the overexpression of acetyl-CoA c-acetyltransferase, more acetyl-CoA was used to synthesize terpenoids, and the production of squalene, β-carotene and astaxanthin was increased 5.4, 1.8, and 2.4 times, respectively. Interestingly, the production of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids also changed. Moreover, three Acyl-CoA oxidase genes which catalyze the first step of β-oxidation were knocked out using homologous recombination. Results showed that the production of lipids increased in the three knock-out strains. Our results demonstrated that the A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation method will be of great use for the study of function genes, as well as developing Schizochytrium sp. as a strong cell factory for producing high value products.

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“…Acetate and butyrate can be used as sole carbon sources for the heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous microalgae (Patel et al, 2021). Whereas several studies have suggested that acetate is the preferred source (Turon et al, 2015b), if both are provided in the cultivation medium, butyrate inhibits the uptake of acetate (Turon et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Batch Cultivation Of Freshwater Microalgae At C/n Ratios Of 20 and 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds

et al. 2021

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Given an increasing focus on environmental sustainability, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. However, microbial oil production relies on the use of costly sugar-based feedstocks. Substrate limitation, elevated costs, and risk of contamination have sparked the search for alternatives to sugar-based platforms. Volatile fatty acids are generated during anaerobic digestion of organic waste and are considered a promising substrate for microbial oil production. In the present study, two freshwater and one marine microalga along with two thraustochytrids were evaluated for their potential to produce lipids when cultivated on volatile fatty acids generated from food waste via anaerobic digestion using a membrane bioreactor. Freshwater microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana synthesized lipids rich in palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). This composition corresponds to that of soybean and jatropha oils, which are used as biodiesel feedstock. Production of added-value polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly omega-3 fatty acids was examined in three different marine strains: Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, and Crypthecodinium cohnii. Only Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 seemed promising, generating 43.19% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.56% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in total lipids. In summary, we show that A. protothecoides, C. sorokiniana, and Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 can be used for microbial oil production from food waste material.

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Valorization of volatile fatty acids derived from low-cost organic waste for lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms-A review

Cited by 75 publications

References 139 publications

Investigating the Bioconversion Potential of Volatile Fatty Acids: Use of Oleaginous Yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus towards the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

Investigating the Bioconversion Potential of Volatile Fatty Acids: Use of Oleaginous Yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus towards the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

Development of an Efficient Gene Editing Tool in Schizochytrium sp. and Improving Its Lipid and Terpenoid Biosynthesis

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds

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