Valorization of Waste Algal Boom for Value-Added Products

Fermentation of micro- and macroalgae as a way to produce value-added products

“…Microorganisms of the genus Clostridium are primarily used in the dark fermentation of algae to produce hydrogen [ 11 , 26 , 27 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Table 2 shows that microorganisms from the genera Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium, Anaerostipes, and Caproiciproducens also participate in hydrogen fermentation of algae [12] . In terms of algae types, both micro- and macroalgae are used for DF, with brown and red macroalgae predominating, as well as cyanobacteria and diatoms [26] .…”

“…Because of their high carbohydrate content, rapid growth rate, and low environmental requirements, micro- and macroalgae have the potential to be used as a valuable source of feedstock in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, and food industries [11] . Furthermore, algae are characterized by low lignin content, thus ensuring the efficient use of biomass in the biotechnology industry since the indestructible structure of this biopolymer is a significant barrier to bioconversion [12] .…”

“…Algae fermentation, unlike landfilling or incineration, is economically viable and low-waste method [12] . Incorporating algal biomass into the production of biofuels and bioactive compounds (a variety of beneficial compounds such as polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids) provides a sustainable way to mitigate blooms while producing value-added products [13] , [14] , [15] .…”

Hydrodynamics and Transport Mechanism of Microfluidic Mixing in Precipitation of Nanodrugs: A Review

“…Over small distances, molecular diffusion is typically viewed as a slow process; yet, for eddies of width 30 to 100 m, homogeneity is reached in ≈1 s for low-viscosity fluids if the process is altered. [23] Wang et al investigated the hydrodynamics of fluid mixing within droplets flowing in a serpentine microchannel, following two routes. Symmetric circulations (mixing axially) in the straight pattern and asymmetric circulations in the winding pattern redirect the fluids within the droplet to improve the mixing efficiency through suitable mixing mechanisms in the next straight section.…”

“…Over small distances, molecular diffusion is typically viewed as a slow process; yet, for eddies of width 30 to 100 m, homogeneity is reached in ≈1 s for low‐viscosity fluids if the process is altered. [ 23 ]…”