Valorization Options of Strawberry Extrudate Agro-Waste. A Review

Abstract

This review summarizes and critically analyzes the different types of potential valorization options for strawberry extrudate in order to have a broader overview of the potential management of this waste. Animal feed is commonly used as a management option for the strawberry extrudate; however, most of the strawberry extrudate is disposed in landfills. Strawberry extrudate contains different bioactive compounds that encourage the use of an alternative management approach than landfilled. The present review offers a complete comparative, including the advantages and drawbacks of each reviewed technique, to facilitate the selection of the most suitable technology for the different valorization scenarios. This review has been structured in three sections: 1. Composition of the strawberry extrudate and strawberry especially focused on their content in bioactive compounds. 2. The different techniques of extraction and purification of bioactive compounds. 3. The handling and management of the resulting biomass after the extraction process of bioactive compounds.

Fruit Juice Industry Wastes as a Source of Bioactives

“…Moreover, strawberry pulps are also rich in condensed tannins (up to 163 mg/100 g raw strawberry), which are also known as proanthocyanins, and the soluble phenolic content (SPC) of strawberry pomace was measured and found as 17 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dw. In the same article, the SPC of black currant, red currant, blackberry, and raspberry was also discussed and reported as 50.44, 20.54, 46.50, and 36.72 μg GAE/mg dw, respectively. , …”

“…Generally, the residual part of this fruit is being used as animal feed. However, a considerable amount of berry wastes are still being disposed to the landfills and contribute to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of the high organic load . Therefore, it is important for any waste to be evaluated in terms of generating new possibilities for both protecting the agricultural soil quality and taking advantage of finding inexpensive sources of bioactive substances .…”

“…Therefore, it is important for any waste to be evaluated in terms of generating new possibilities for both protecting the agricultural soil quality and taking advantage of finding inexpensive sources of bioactive substances . In this point of view, strawberry wastes are also valuable sources of phytochemicals such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, and anthocyanin, the most abundant flavonoid, is responsible for the red color of berries. , In strawberries, the most abundant anthocyanins were found as pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, 3-malonyl glucoside, and 3-rutinoside . Moreover, strawberry pulps are also rich in condensed tannins (up to 163 mg/100 g raw strawberry), which are also known as proanthocyanins, and the soluble phenolic content (SPC) of strawberry pomace was measured and found as 17 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dw.…”

“…However, a considerable amount of berry wastes are still being disposed to the landfills and contribute to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of the high organic load. 155 Therefore, it is important for any waste to be evaluated in terms of generating new possibilities for both protecting the agricultural soil quality and taking advantage of finding inexpensive sources of bioactive substances. 156 In this point of view, strawberry wastes are also valuable sources of phytochemicals such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, and anthocyanin, the most abundant flavonoid, is responsible for the red color of berries.…”

Is high‐frequency ultrasound a useful process to add value to out of specification strawberries, raspberries and blackberries industrially?

“…Much of the waste has little sale value and is therefore a net cost to the producers. Recently, the authors have suggested various streams for valorisation (adding value) to raspberries in terms of dried powders (Krivokapić et al ., 2021) and seeds (Daud et al ., 2022), strawberries into biochar, bioethanol and bioplastics (Cubero‐Cardoso et al ., 2020) which can reduce financial loss and wastage, but the high cost of producing these is questionable without scale.…”