Valsartan Promoting Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization by Upregulating Renalase

Abstract

Renalase may be a potential-related gene of lipid metabolism and As, and it may be the possible molecular target of valsartan to help stabilize atherosclerotic plaque.

Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine on Atherosclerosis and SCAP/SREBP‐1c Signaling Pathway in ApoE−/− Mice Fed with a High‐Fat Diet

“…The hearts were extracted, and one-third of the heart was fixed in 10% formaldehyde to determine the morphology of any atherosclerotic plaque by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The aorta, liver, and abdominal adipose tissues of the mice were removed and stored at −80°C [14, 15]. …”

“…The LDL and HDL were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Finally, all indices were determined using the RX-2000 radiometer (Technicon Instruments Company, Tarrytown, New York) [14, 15]. …”

“…Normally distributed data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test to evaluate the statistical significance of intergroup differences in all tested variables. In all cases, statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 [14, 15]. …”

Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Renal Expression of Renalase in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed With High Salt Diet

“…Han et al [19] were the first to demonstrate that the ACE inhibitor lisinopril markedly increased the expression of renalase in the kidney tissues of rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. More recently, Zhou et al [20] discovered that valsartan, an AT1R antagonist, promoted the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque by increasing serum renalase and renalase expression in the fibrous cap of the atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE − / − mice fed with high-fat diet. Therefore, a high-salt load may reduce the expression of renalase in kidney secondary to activation of the renal RAS.…”

“…The renal RAS was identified and believed to be potentially associated with the regulation of renalase. RAS inhibitors were shown to upregulate renal-tissue and circulating renalase levels in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and mice with high-fat intake [19,20]. Whether local RAS affects renal renalase expression under the high-salt condition is not understood.…”