Valuation of Ecosystem Services from an Important Wetland of Nepal: A Study from Begnas Watershed System

Thapa, Surya Bahadur; Wang, Lanhui; Koirala, Anil; Shrestha, Subina; Bhattarai, Suman; Aye, Wai Nyein

doi:10.1007/s13157-020-01303-7

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Th e majority of the respondents' visitors (37%) perception about the major attraction of the wetland was a natural scenario. Th e lake complex is named the country's most extensive interconnected natural lake system and is also under the Ramsar site since 2003 because of its biodiversity (IUCN, 1998;Kafl e, 2005;Th apa et al, 2020). Additionally, the lake complex is blessed with 45 species of aquatic plants, while more than 27 species of aquatic fi shes also inhabit there (Lamsal, Pant, Kumar, & Atreya, 2014).…”

Section: Major Attraction Of Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotourism in Ghoda Ghodi Wetland Sukhad, Kailali, Nepal

Khadka

Chaudhary

Karki

et al. 2021

J. Tourism & Hospitality Educ.

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Tourism is the act of spending time away from home. Nepal has remained an exotic tourist location for several decades, and wetlands are among the major areas of tourism in Nepal. Located in the far-western Tarai of Nepal, Ghoda Ghodi Lake is among the major wetlands in terms of both biodiversity and tourism. This study has assessed the ecotourism status in Ghoda Ghodi Lake of Nepal and to understand the current condition and possible inferences. A total of 40 households were surveyed, and 80 visitors were interviewed for collecting primary data. Most of the respondent visitors have visited wetlands more than five times. It is important to point out that fifty percent of the respondent visitors have visited the wetland for natural purposes indicating that the naturalness of the wetland has more capacity to attract tourists. Visitors perceived to enhance economic activities and increase employment opportunities to attract locals to promote ecotourism. The local people were engaged in homestay earning around NRs 2 to 4 lakh per year as well most of the local respondents (50%) were participating in tourism promotion activities.

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Section: Major Attraction Of Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotourism in Ghoda Ghodi Wetland Sukhad, Kailali, Nepal

Khadka

Chaudhary

Karki

et al. 2021

J. Tourism & Hospitality Educ.

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“…The consumptive use of values includes the direct consumption of resources without passing through the market. Biological diversity provides direct food, shelter, medicines, proteins, enzymes, fats, macro and micro nutrients, beverages, specimens for educational and scientific purposes, tourism and raw material for various commercial purposes (Thapa et al, 2020). For example, Aloe Vera is directly consumed for its medicinal properties, timber is used for fire and animals are consumed directly after hunting.…”

Section: Consumptive Use Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological diversity: Introduction, values, threats and conservation measures

Rani¹,

Kumari²,

Kumar³

et al. 2021

Biological Diversity: Current Status and Conservation Policies

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Earth is the only know planet to have life till date. However, life on the earth has evolved from microscopic organisms (microbes) that left signals of their presence in rocks about 3.7 billion years old to the present time's complex plant and animal forms. Earth has created different forms of life in four different patterns of evolution viz., convergent evolution, divergent evolution, parallel evolution, and coevolution. From these evolutions, different types of animals and plants have emerged as a result of continuous but very slow changes in the genetic materials (RNA and DNA). At present, earth's species range from 10 million to 14 million out of which plants (17%), protists (4%) prokaryotes (0.3%), fungi (4.7%), insects (54%), and other animals (20%) are major candidates. All these species play an important role in earth and it's environmental sustainability with various values. In this, recently emerged anthropogenic activities has contributed in rapid vanishing of biodiversity affecting mostly all compartments of life. However, various steps are being taken at national and international level such as creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves, community reserves, biosphere reserves, gene banks, etc. This chapter describes the status and importance of biodiversity conservation in present scenario.

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“…Scientists around the world have been devoted to ecosystem services on different scales and the creation of systems to evaluate ecosystem services has become the forefront of ecological research [3]. Meanwhile, numerous achievements have been made in some fields such as forest [4], wetland [5,6], desert [7,8], grassland [9,10], ocean [11,12], farmland [13,14], urban [15][16][17][18] ecosystems, and nature reserves [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiating Benefit of Windbreak and Sand Fixation in the Baijitan Nature Reserve of Lingwu, Ningxia, China

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Many important ecosystem services show spatial flow characteristics, which are crucial for the study of environmental processes, such as the transformation, correlation, coordination, and management of ecosystem services at different scales. As a result, flow characteristics should be taken into account when it comes to the evaluation of ecosystem services. The study area was the Baijitan Nature Reserve, used to assess the radiating benefits of the windbreak and sand fixation from 2000 to 2019, based on wind erosion loss and sand spatial erosion models. The main results are as follows: Firstly, the fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) clearly increased over the last 20 years and the medium coverage, which accounted for 66.13%, became the main vegetation cover. The wind speed in the reserve dropped gradually as well. Secondly, sand only affected the nature reserve and the surrounding communities. When the wind speed was above a strong breeze (10.8–13.8 m/s), coarse silt could affect 26 downwind administrative regions, with an affected area of 2.13 × 106 km2. Thirdly, the benefits of windbreak and sand fixation varied with the beneficial range, including distance from the Baijitan Nature Reserve and the beneficial area. Dust deposition decreased as the beneficial distance increased. For instance, Shaanxi Province saw the greatest benefit of windbreak and sand fixation, with a dust deposition reduction of 6.87 × 107 t (1 t = 103 kg), followed by Hubei and Henan Provinces, with reductions of 5.31 × 107 t and 5.59 × 107 t, respectively. Fourthly, the periodical deposition in administrative regions decreased gradually, as did the different influence ranges. The dust depositions in the five phases of Shaanxi Province were 2.04 × 107, 1.83 × 107, 6.63 × 106, 4.65 × 106, and 3.48 × 106 t. Fifthly, medium silt, fine silt, and clay silt could easily drift long distances under the influence of sand-driving wind, thus affecting the air quality in downwind administrative regions. Sixthly, the sand source in Baijitan Nature Reserve was an important factor that caused sand–dust weather in downwind areas. The frequency of sand–dust weather was significantly higher in cities near the sand source than in other regions in downwind areas, and the correlations between particle concentrations less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and the time sequences of sand-driving wind reached significant levels in certain cities. We found that the windbreak and sand fixation in Baijitan Nature Reserve could offer great benefits to the downwind area. Establishing a desert nature reserve could be a great way to promote environmentally sustainable development since it could effectively reduce dust deposition and the frequency of sand–dust weather in downwind areas.

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Valuation of Ecosystem Services from an Important Wetland of Nepal: A Study from Begnas Watershed System

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Ecotourism in Ghoda Ghodi Wetland Sukhad, Kailali, Nepal

Ecotourism in Ghoda Ghodi Wetland Sukhad, Kailali, Nepal

Biological diversity: Introduction, values, threats and conservation measures

Radiating Benefit of Windbreak and Sand Fixation in the Baijitan Nature Reserve of Lingwu, Ningxia, China

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