2020
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09593-4
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Value addition in the services sector and its heterogeneous impacts on CO2 emissions: revisiting the EKC hypothesis for the OPEC using panel spatial estimation techniques

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Cited by 100 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…1% signi cance level and positive relation with CO2 emission in all four regions of Europe, this result is similar to the(Jebli et al, 2020;Murshed et al, 2020). The relation between CO2 emission and FDI in ow has 0.1% signi cant relation in SE region it implies 0.1% increase in FDI in ow CO2 emission rise 4.01%, signi cant and negative relation in NE region 1% increase in FDI in ow CO2 emission decreases 1.059% and insigni cant relation in EE and WE region.…”
supporting
confidence: 85%
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“…1% signi cance level and positive relation with CO2 emission in all four regions of Europe, this result is similar to the(Jebli et al, 2020;Murshed et al, 2020). The relation between CO2 emission and FDI in ow has 0.1% signi cant relation in SE region it implies 0.1% increase in FDI in ow CO2 emission rise 4.01%, signi cant and negative relation in NE region 1% increase in FDI in ow CO2 emission decreases 1.059% and insigni cant relation in EE and WE region.…”
supporting
confidence: 85%
“…Further FDI has a signi cant and positive impact on CO2 in EE, SE, and WE region and a negative impact in the NE region concerning GVA-C. Every 5% rise of FDI in ow teds to increase CO2 emission 4.44%, 1% rise in FDI in ow tends to increase CO2 emission 10.04% in SE and 0.85 % in WE. The signi cance of the model of GVA-C is supported by(Alcántara & Padilla, 2006;Murshed et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2019). We observed the four-way linkage in terms of GVA-C which is signi cant with variables CO2, FDI in ow, and GDP per capita in all regions except the relation between FDI in ow in EE regions.Furthermore, we observed the heterogeneity in the relation between the GDP per capita and FDI in ow; insigni cant relation in EE regions, signi cant but negative relation in SE regions, insigni cant relation in NE regions, and a signi cant and positive association in WE regions.…”
supporting
confidence: 74%
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