Value-Based Pricing in Singapore: Is it a Race to the Bottom?

Abstract

S9about 2%, as compared to about 5% and 25% under-estimation by the Equipercentile and OLS methods, respectively. Findings about variance shrinkage and relationship with clinical covariates obtained from the two datasets were similar to the simulation results. However, at the individual level of prediction, none of the three methods consistently out-performed the others in terms of mean squared error, mean absolute error or intraclass correlation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS: Utility values obtained from the Mean Rank Method accurately shows the distribution features of the observed utilities at the population and group levels. It is advantageous over the Equipercentile method in terms of not requiring complicated smoothing procedures.