Hybrid discrete-continuous simulation models of the enterprise and of the life cycle of systems are very important. This set of models consists of system dynamics models, continuous models of the higher hierarchical and more abstracted levels and connected to it are a number of discrete event simulations for selected operational, tactical functions, and phases of the life cycle. For example, system dynamics modeling best fits the macroscopic nature of activities at the higher management levels while the discrete models best fit the microscopic nature of the operational and tactical levels in the enterprise. On the other hand, system dynamics model can represent the nature of systems architecture development and discrete models the operations of a particular system.There are several questions to be answered in the future:• Why practitioners are not trying to develop/use hybrid models of enterprises?• Why system engineers are not trying to integrate models of the different phases of the life cycle of a system?• Why system engineers are not archiving in an executable way simulation models of systems of phases before op-erations has been started?
Hybrid Simulation Modeling in Enterprise Management
Hybrid Simulation Modeling in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MSBE)The definition of Systems Engineering used is that which is given by the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) [1] "Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful sys-tems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem". On the other hand, INCOSE [2] defines MBSE as "the formalized application of modeling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification, and validation activities beginning in the conceptual design phase and continuing throughout development and later life cycle phases".In the last decade, system engineers have started to replace the traditional documenting process of system engineering which has proven inappropriate for modeling the various levels of functionality The management of the Enterprise is one of the classical business problems. Even components of the enterprise such as its supply chain has already enough complexity. A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw mate-rials/services/technologies, transform them into intermediate goods and final products/services/technologies, and deliver the products/services/technologies to customers through a distribution system. The purpose of supply chain management is to provide the right quantity of the right product at the right time to the right customers at an optimal cost. A typical manufacturing supply chain is comprised of five elements: suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers. The process of integrating all these elements involves the coordination and cross-functioning of production pl...